Histology and histopathology Vol. 1, nº 1 (1986)
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- PublicationOpen AccessOxygen toxicity in the infant rhesus monkey lung. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Ainsworthl, Dorothy M.; Keithl, lngegerd; Lobas, Jeffrey G.; Farrel, Philip M.; Eicker, W.Eight monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride and positive pressure ventilated with >95% oxygen (tests) or room air (controls) for 24 hours. Two test monkeys and one control were treated with E. col; endotoxin (500 pg/kg) 1V at the start of the study and after 12 hours. Histopathological changes in the lung parenchyma were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. Interstitial edema was detected as early as 24 hours after the onset of hyperoxia but there was no significant increase in the alveolar-capillary distance (blood-air barrier). Morphologic signs of oxygen toxicity further included swelling and disruption of vascular endothelium, and swelling of alveolar Type I1 pneumocytes. There was no difference in the number of macrophages per high power field between the four groups but significant differences were observed in the number of neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) per cmL and mast cells per high power field at the light microscopic level. Treatment with endotoxin did not protect against oxygen toxicity and was associated with an exacerbation of the morphological alterations in the lung parenchyma and swelling of alveolar Type 1 pneumocytes.
- PublicationOpen AccessPostnatal development of dendritic reticulum cells and their immune complex trapping ability.(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Yukata Imai; Michi Dobashi; Kazuo TerashimaThe postnatal development of dendritic reticulum cells in the rat popliteal lymph nodes was electron microscopically investigated in relation to the appearance of immune complex trapping capacity. The popliteal lymph nodes of neonatal rat consisted of loosely arranged fibroblastic reticulum cells. In the following stage, the ueripheral cortex and paracortex became distinguishable. The former was made up of an accumulation of small lymphocytes, scattered within a framework of reticulum cells. On te 28 th day, the first primary follicle appeared in the peripheral cortex. Simultaneously the immune complex could be trapped on the cytoplasmic membrane of reticulum cells, which were located in the central portion of the primary follicles. The early image of germina1 centers appeared corresponding to immune complex trapping areas. In the well-developed secondary follicles, the immune complex trapping cells were mainly localized in the cap area. Their cytoplasmic membranes formed the dendritic processes, on which the distinct ability of trapping of the immune complex was recognized. It was dernonstrated that the fibroblastic reticulum cells, forming the stromaof lymph nodes, were transformed into the typicai dendritic reticulum cells with labyrinth structures in the cap area. Desmosomal junctions were often found, not only between the dendritic reticulum cells themselves, but aiso between the dendritic reticulum cells and lymphocytes. We suggest that the desmosomal junctions play a role as the channel for a transmission of immunological information.
- PublicationOpen AccessPrimary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the breast.(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Sigurd, Lunde; Nesland, Jahn M.; Holm, Ruth; Johannessen, Jan VicentsClinical, light microscopic, electron microscopic and immunocytochemical features of 4 cases (3 women and 1 man) of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the breast are presented. The literature is reviewed and the diagnosis and treatment discussed. The good outcome is stressed and local excisioo or simple mastectomy recommended as appropriate treatment .
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphologic and immunoelectronmicroscopic identification of human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Tirnár, J.; Nagy, K.; Lapis, K.The AIDS associated HTLV-111 virus infected H9 cells were extensively studied using light, scanning and transmission electronmicroscopy. It was demonstrated that the morphological features of HTLV-111 are different from the C-type particles and are similar to those of lentiviridae. For immunological identification high titer pre-AIDS patient sera served as the anti-HTLV-111 envelope antibody source. The immunoelectronmicroscopic method was able to identify the viral envelope antigen on the surface of infected cells and in certain areas of the viral envelope. This is the first application of immunoelectronmicroscopy for the identification of the HTLV-111 virus
- PublicationOpen AccessEncephalopathy with astrocitic residual bodies. Report of a case and rewiev of the literature(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Figols, J.; Cervós-Navarro, J.; Wolman, M.Biopsy and autopsy findings in a girl who died at 7% months after having suffered from progressive axial hypotonia, myoclonus, EEG changes and retarded psychomotor development. Inclusions consisting of lamellar profiles, situated in membrane-bound cytosomes were found mainly in astrocytes, but also in neurones and in axons of peripheral nerves. Lipofuscin bodies were also increased in number. The patient belongs in the same category as cases studied by Towfighi et al. (1975) and Martin et al. (1977). Etiology and pathogenesis of this syndrome remain unknown. It is suggested, however, that the pathological changes observed might have been caused by the administration soon after birth of anti-epileptic dmgs (diphenylhydantoin, clonazepam and nitrazepan).
- PublicationOpen AccessClose association of centroacinar ductular and insular cells in the rat pancreas(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Leeson, Thomas S.; Leeson, RolandClose contacts between endocrine insular cells and exocrine acinar, centroacinar and ductular cells occur frequently in the rat pancreas as seen by both light and electron microscopy. lslets of Langerhans are surrounded incompletely by a thin connective tissue capsule or mantle but numerous exocrine-endocrine cell contacts occur at the periphery, which is irregular with considerable "intermingling" of the two cell types. Centroacinar and ductular cells are seen to be in contact with al1 endocrine cell types but most commonly insulin-secreting B-cells. The basal surface of centroacinar cells in the region of contact may be extensive, sometimes with overlap of basal processes of these cells and their lateral extension between acinar and insular cells. The areas of contact contain no connective tissue or basal lamina and show no surface specializations. The presence of both the "open" and "closed" type of enteroendocrine cells within acini is confirmed, some also being in contact with centroacinar cells. The functional significance of these exo-endocrine cell contacts is discussed in terms of the endocrine-acinar portal system, possible direct paracrine secretion, compartmentalization within the islet, and the known effects of islet hormones on exocrine secretion. Also relevant is the developmental origin of islets from ductal tissue and the cellular origin of some tumours, e.g., insulinomas, from duct cells.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphometric evaluation of capillary basement membrane thickness in the quadriceps muscle of diabetic and nondiabetic Chinese hamsters.(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Sawada, Gerianne; Wyse, Beatrice M.; Blanksl, Margaret C.; Vidmaiz, Thornas J.; Guerritsen, George C.; Dianil, Arthur R.Quadriceps muscle capillaries from 19-23 month old genetically diabetic (XA and AC) and nondiabetic (M) subline Chinese.. hamsters were morphometrically evaluated to determine if capillary basement membrane thickening (CBMT) is a quantifiable complication of diabetes. Significant CBMT was present in the diabetic XA Chinese hamsters (49.37 nm tr 17.81, p .c 0.007) in comparison with the nondiabetic M. hamsters (34.08 nm + 9.98). Although there was a trend towards expansion of the muscle capillary basement membranes in the diabetic AC Chinese hamsters, the value was not statistically significant. A nested analysis of variance showed that the greatest source of variation in basement membrane thickness occurred among capillaries within each animal. In addition, a positive correlation (r = 0.62; p< 0.002) existed between blood glucose levels and CBMT in the XA subline. These data should serve as guidelines for evaluation of antimicrovasc,ular disease compounds which will be tested to determine if they prevent or retard microangiopathy in the diabetic Chinese hamster.
- PublicationOpen AccessOncocytic adenoma of the nasal cavity.(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Miraccol,Clelia; Sensini, lsaia; Vessio, Giovanni; Luzil, PietroThe authors present a case of benign oncocytoma (oxyphil cell adenoma) of the nasal cavity in a young woman. This is the fifth case reported ín that region. Immunohistochemical stains revealed positivity only for cytokeratin.
- PublicationOpen AccessUltrastructure of pancreatic exocrine cells of the rat during starvation.(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Takashi Kitagawa; Kazuyuki OnoUltrastructural changes of the pancreatic exocrine cells after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of starvation were observed in male rats aged from 16 to 18 months weighing between 600 and 700 grams. The number of zymogen granules after starvation decreased to less than about 70 per cent of that of the control. Changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum were hardly seen up to 14 days of starvation as compared with the control, but were observed in the apical and basal cytoplasm of the cell from 21 days after starvation. Particularly in 35- and 42-day starved rats, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was frequently shortened and dilated, and changed to disorganized membranous structures. The lysosomes in the apical cytoplasm of the cell gradually increased in number after starvation, and contact or fusion between the zymogen granules and lysosomes (viz. so-called crinophagy) was often seen at 35 and 42 days of starvation. Large autolysosomes especially those containing zymogen granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum were also marked in the basal cytoplasm of the cell after 35 and 42 days of starvation. Alterations in the basal cytoplasm of the cell appeared later than those in the apical cytoplasm. It was considered that, owing to its role in protein synthesis, the basal cytoplasm of the pancreatic exocrine cells in starved rats might be protected as far as possible during long-term starvation.
- PublicationOpen AccessPeritonea1 fine structure of inguinal hernia: a scanning electron microscope study(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Baradi, A.F.; Heslop, J.H.; Rao, N.S.Mesothelial cells of the normal human peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall are covered with numerous surface microvilli. These cells become partially denuded inside the sacs of direct and indirect inguinal hernias and so lose the protective property the microvillar covering may impart on them. These mesothelial cells of hernial sacs also acquire an extensive surface coat of fibrin-like material, presumably due to the loss of that protective property, which may as a result subject them to adhesions. There is a considerable collagen build:up in the subserosal fibrous tissue of sacs of both direct and indirect inguinal hernias. Such a build-up is at variance with the accepted current surgical concept which suggests a-defect in collagen synthesis, rather than a build-up, as the cause of direct hernia.
- PublicationOpen Accesslmmunohistochemical localization of prolactin in functioning and regressing corpus luteum of pituitary autotransplanted rats(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Martín de las Mulas, J.; Aguilar, E.; Sánchez-Criado, J.E.In an attempt to shed light on the intimate mechanism by which prolactin (PRL) switches from supporting corpus luteum (CL) progesterone secretion (P) to promote structural regression of the CL, day 2 (metestrous) autopituitary transplanted (APTr) rats were used. In APTr rats the CL is under the only control of PRL since an almost complete absence of LH and FSH exist. The experimental group was given bromocriptine (CB-154: 0.4 mg/day) on days 12, 13 and 14 of the cycle and 0.25 ml of ethanol from day 15 to day 21. The control group was given CB-154 from day 12 to day 21. Rats were hemiovariectomized on day 12 to assess the morphological characteristics of the active CL. PRL and P were determined by RIA on days 12, 15 and 22. On day 12, both PRL and P levels were higher than 80ng/ml (luteotrophic action of PRL). On day 15, due to treatment with CB- 154, the levels of both hormones had fallen below 7 ng/ml (functional luteolysis). On day 22, PRL levels were again high ( > 50 ng/ml) in the shortly CB-154-treated rats and low ( < 5 ng/ml) in the controls; the P levels were lower than 5 ng/ml in both groups. PRL-induced structural luteolysis in the experimental group (hyperprolactinemic) was assessed by the structural characteristics and by the CL weight loss on day 22 in comparison with that exhibited by control rats. The immunohistochemical staining of both endogenous and total PRL in the lutein cells showed that the internalization of PRL is not modified by the functional state of the CL, nevertheless the intracellular redistribution of the internalized hormone varied in relation with the PRL action on the CL (luteotrophic, day 12vs luteolytic, day 22).These results seem to indicate that intracellular mechanisms rather than receptor content determine CL response to PRL.
- PublicationOpen AccessEarly embryonic development in the rat following in utero exposure to alcohol and caffeine(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Ross, C.P.; Persaud, T.V.N.The influence of both alcohol and caffeine on early embryonic development was investigated in pregnant rats. Compared to the corresponding controls, a high incidence of resorptions and abnormal embryos was induced following treatment of the animals with alcohol (0.015 ml/g body weight, 12.5% v/v, ¡.p.) on gestational days 6 through 12 and with caffeine (25 mg/kg body weight, ¡.v.) on gestational day 10. In addition, embryonic growth was severely affected. Reduction of placental blood circulation and impairment of cellular proliferation may account for the observed deleterious effects on the embryo.
- PublicationOpen AccessExperimental study of WGA binding on the endothelial cell surface in cerebral ischemia(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Shozo Nishida; Fumiharu Akai; Shingo Hiruma; Mitsuyo Maeda; Kurenai Tanji; Shigeo HashimotoThe relationship between the saccharide chain on the endothelial cell surface and the permeability of intracerebral blood vessels has been studied. In the present study, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was perfused into capillaries in the area postrema of the normal Mongolian gerbil, where the blood brain barrier (BBB) is known to lack, and into intracerebral blood vessels, the BBB of which had been destroyed by experimentally induced brain ischemia. The light microscopic features of the sections from WGA-perfused brain tissues of the normal gerbil revealed that most of the blood vessels, including capillaries in the brain parenchyma, showed positive findings (the reaction induced a very distinct staining of the vascular wall) from which the course and structure of the fine vessels could be determined. The reaction to WGA on the diaphragma fenestra (DF) in capillaries in the area postrema was relatively weak, and DF without the reaction were occasionally revealed by electron microscopy. The gerbil, in which cerebral ischemia had been induced, also showed partial defect of the reaction with WGA on the lumina1 side of the endothelial cells. The results of the present experiment suggest some degree of correlation between the saccharide chains, including the specific monosaccharide of WGA, on the endothelial cell surface and permeability. It was considered that lectin can be used as an index for morphological observations, suggesting an alteration in function of the endothelial cell membrane. In addition, the perfusion method in this experiment suggested the possibility of distinguishing pinocytotic vesicles from pits of cell membranes.