Histology and histopathology Vol. 2, nº 1 (1987)

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Studies on intra-arterial cushions. IV. Perivascular nerve plexuses of ramifying arteries with intraluminal cushions at the branching points
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Böck, P.
Periarterial nerve plexuses were studied at branching points of arteries with intraluminal cushions. Serial sections were prepared from mouse kidney, pancreas and tongue, and studied by means of catecholamine fluorescence and staining for acetylcholinesterase. The periarterial nerve plexuses did not show any peculiarities at the branching points. The intraluminal cushions, as well as the tunica media of both the parent trunk and the collateral branches, were found to be free of vegetative nerves. It is concluded that the shape of intraarterial cushions is passively altered, following the alterations of vascular geometry, and not in response to direct nervous stimulation.
Open Access
The response of subpleural pulmonary capillary endothelium to hydrothorax in rats
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Shumko, John Z.; DeFouw, David .
The principal focus of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that increased interstitial fluid pressures served to stimulate de novo vesicle formation in pulmonary capillary endothelium. Direct measurements of interstitial fluid pressures within the alveolar septa pose great technical difficulty. The pleural space and subpleural capillaries are easily accessible, and thus, provide a more feasible model to test this hypothesis. After hydrostatic pressure of pleural space fluid was increased by periodic saline infusions into the pleural cavity, vesicle numerical densities were significantly increased in portions of the subpleural capillary endothelium. Those segments of the endothelium that directly apposed the interstitium of the visceral pleura displayed de novo vesicle formation. The endothelial segments located immediately adjacent to the alveolar epithelium were not affected by the elevated interstitial fluid pressures. In addition to the increased vesiculation, those same segments of the endothelium were characterized by increased attenuation of their cytoplasmic compartments. These conformational changes in the plasmalemma of portions of the subpleural capillary endothelium provide support to the tentative hypothesis, however, whether the increased numbers of vesicles contribute to a potential transendothelial transport system or expand a possible static network of membrane invaginations remains uncertain.
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Spontaneous complete clefting of the palates in a mouse fetus: A study by scanning electron microscopy and serial section reconstruction
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Tamarin, A.; FitzGerald, M.J.T.
Open Access
Scanning electron microscopy of the aggregation of head mesoderm cells from chick embryos
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Chamorro, C.A.; Paz, P. de; Villar, J.M.; Fernandez, M
Head mesoderm cells from chick embryos at different stages of development were dissociated and cultured on plastic coverslips. In all cultures several cellular aggregates were described by means of scanning electron microscopy. Isolated cells present filopodia and lamellipodia. However, when mesoderm cells make contact with one another the filopodial and lamellipodial activity in the contact cellular edge disappear. Thus, the cells into cellular clusters do not present projections. The clusters were circular and bidimensional in character. The scanning electron microscopic observations showed that it is the type 1 variant of "contact inhibition of locomotion" which occurs. By means of these mechanisms the bidimensional aggregates are formed and cellular overlapping is not present. Since the behaviour of the mesoderm cells "in vitro" in some way could be comparable to their behaviour "in situ", the results here observed are discussed in relation to the conduct of mesoderm cells "in vivo".
Open Access
Muscle fiber types in tetrapods. A comparative histochemical and morphometric study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Burgos Bretones, Juan J.; Razquin Peralta, Blanca.; Aguirre Urizar, José; Rivera Pomar, José M.
A comparative histochemical and morphometric study in two groups of homologous muscles from different tetrapods (rat, pigeon, lizard and frog) was performed. On the basis of their fiber diameters and oxidative enzyme activities, an initial correlation between fiber types of al1 animals is observed, although in the lizard and frog muscles, another fiber type does exists that could not be demonstrated in higher vertebrates. When more than one histochemical techniques are used for the identification of each tetrapod fiber types, the lack of correlation between them becomes obvious. Thus, different animals groups, each showing a characteristic muscle metabolic pattern, could be distinguished.
Open Access
Hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) with monotypic plasma cells. An immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Chilosi, M.; Menestrina, F.; Lestani, M.; Bonetti, F.; Scarpa, A.; Caligaris Cappio, F.; Pizzolo, G.; Perini, A.; Fioredonati, L
A case of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) characterized by nionotypic (1gG + , 1arnbda-t) plasrnacytosis is described. I'resh tissue was available and a thorough iiiiunohistocheniical analysis of lymphoid and noiilyniphoid cells was performed on cryostat sections. Although lyrnphoid follicles were nurnerous and exhibited sonie abnormal features they did not appear part of the nionocloiial cell proliferatiun. Follicular lymphocytes were niixtures of Kappai and 1arnbda-t cells. Vessels penetrating within these abnormal follicles expressed reduced levels of FVlll and Leu-M5 antigens and exhibited thicker layer oí collagen type IV. The analysis of T-cell subsets showed a normal (3:l) T4/T8 ratio. This case extends to the mixed variant of hyaline-vascular Castleman's disease, the neoplastic potential previously associated to the plasrria cell variant of the disease.
Open Access
Phase-contrast microscopy of the primate retina
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Fix, James D.
The study of hematoxylin and eosin stained thick sections (15 pm) of the primate retina with the phasecontrast microscope provided a means for the selective demonstration of many cellular structures that could not be resolved with the same degree of detail which was possible when bright-field microscopy was used, or when phase-contrast microscopy was employed to examine unstained material. The H & E-stain greatly enhanced the phase-contrast image, so that cytoplasmic structure, fiber trajectories, and gross synaptic detail of the retina could be demonstrated to better advantage.
Open Access
The ultrastructure of alcoholic liver disease: A review and analysis of 100 biopsies
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Grases, Pedro J.; Millard, Peter R.; O'D McGee, James.
Liver biopsies from 100 patients with alcoholic liver disease of various grades of severity were examined by light and electron microscopy. A comprehensive account of ultrastructural morphology is presented. The organellar changes were variable both in nature and intensity. The most consistent ultrastructural changes, irrespective of disease severity, were dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and fat accumulation. The former is the EM counterpart of hepatocyte swelling at the light microscope level. Collagen deposition was detected earlier and more accurately by electron microscopy. A physical relationship between Mallory bodies and intermediate filament was also detected. As is the case with light microscopy, if cellular, stromal and organellar changes are considered independently, some may be regarded as typical, but none as pathognomonic of alcoholic liver disease.
Open Access
Electron microscopy and immunostaining of the normal breast and its benign lesions. A search for neuroendocrine cells.
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Nesland, Jahn M.; Sigurd, Lunde; Holm, Ruth; Johannessen, Jan Vicents
Specimens from 7 patients with normal breast tissue 26 patients with benign breast lesions (6 fibroadenomas, and 4 intraductal papillomas, 2 mammae lactantes, 10 cases of cystic disease and 4 fibrotic lesions) were studied by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Excretory epithelial cells in 2 of the 4 papillomas were immunostained for NSE. Myoepithelial cells were frequently stained as well. All the breast specimens were nonreactive to the antichromogranin antibody we used. The 2 NSE positive intraductal papillomas were tested for presence of hormone immunoreactivity, but no positively stained cells were observed. No cells with neuroendocrine features were observed by electron microscopy. The present study did not reveal neuroendocrine cells in the normal breast specimens and undisputed proof of neuroendocrine differentiation in benign breast lesions was not established. We conclude that if neuroendocrine cells are present in the normal breast, they are very rare, and probably not the cellular origin of all breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine features.
Open Access
Purpura cerebri in Gram-negative septicaemia. A histological and immunohistochemical study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Schwenk, Jutta; Gosztonyi, Georg
Two cases with brain purpura following Gramnegative septicaemia were examined morphologically and immunohistochemically. The brain lesions, including ball and ring haemorrhages, a few days old, with some microglial cells accumulated around the older foci, were restricted to the white matter. Immunohistochemically, scanty deposits of IgG, IgA and IgM mainly in the macrophages in brain, kidneys and lungs were found, whereas staining with antibodies directed against IgE and complement (C3, C4) remained negative. In the brain, immunoglobulin deposits were located mainly in the macrophages, furthermore, in and around the walls of a few intact (non-haemorrhagic) vessels; within the perivascular haemorrhagic foci no deposits could be demonstrated. The relevance of these observations to the pathogenesis of brain purpura is discussed.
Open Access
Stereologic analysis of the in vivo alveolar type II cell response to isoproterenol or saline administration
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Smith, Dennis M.; Griffin, Lawrence S.
Previous studies have demonstrated enhanced secretion of pulmonary surfactant from type I1 alveolar epithelial cells following 8-adrenergic stimulation. The present study was undertaken in order to provide quantitative morphologic data supporting this effect in vivo. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with 150 mg/kg L-isoproterenol, a widerange 8-adrenergic agonist, and killed at times 0.25 - 12 hours post-injection. Other rats were similarly injected with saline, and killed at times 0.25 - 6 hours post-injection. A third group of animals was not injected, nor handled, prior to the time of death, and served as baseline controls. Stereologic analysis of the intracellular organelles of the type I1 celss in the animals treated with L-isoproterenol revealed a significant decrease in lamellar body volume density, indicating increased secretion of surfactant, at 0.5 - 4 hours. The rough endoplasmic reticulum volume density increased significantly at 2 - 6 hours, indicating increased synthetic activity. In contrast, the type I1 cells of salineinjected animals showed no significant evidence of increased secretion, but did demonstrate a large increase in synthetic activity, resulting in many large lamellar bodies at 2 and 4 hours post-injection. The results of this study provide quantitative morphological evidence of 8-adrenergic stimulation of the secretion and synthesis of pulmonary surfactant secretion by type I1 cells of the adult rat lung in vivo. In addition, they suggest an enhancement of surfactant synthesis following saline injection, which is perhaps based on endogenous catecholamine release.
Open Access
Ultrastructure of the area postrema of the monkey, Macaca fascic ularis
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Ling, E. A.; Wong, W.C.
The area postrema of the monkey, Macaca fascicularis, were a pair of oval organs at the caudal end of the floor of fourth ventricle. Their ependymal lining was covered by well-developed microvilli with occasional overlying supraependymal cells. Two types of lining cells were present: pyramidad- and flattened cells. The pyramidal cell showed a long extending basal process resting on the underlying blood vessels. In transmission electron microscopy, the organ showed numerous fenestrated sinusoids characterized by a distinct perivascular space containing mast cells, macrophages and collagen fibrils. The parenchyma of the organ was composed of neurons and glial elements. Only one type of neuron ranging from 9.5 to I5pm could be distinguished. The neurons contained an indented nucleus surrounded by organelle rich cytoplasm. The soma of the neuron was enclosed by glial element resembling astrocyte. The glial processes terminated on the blood vessel where they were "tunnelled" by a variable number of nerve fibres some of which gained a direct access to the externa1 basal lamina of the perivascular space. Synapses in the neuropil predominantly of the axodendritic variety were observed. h o n terminals containing round agranular vesicles were seen to make synaptic contacts with the neurona1 soma. No structural changes were observed in the area postrema following bilateral cervical vagotomy. However, degenerating axon terminals were observed in the subpostremal zone 7, 14 and 21 days after vagotomy suggesting a direct afferent projection into this region.
Open Access
lmmunofluorescent examination of the kidney post mortem
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Lászik, Z.; Iványi, B.; Ormos, J.
106 selected kidneys removed at autopsy were studied by direct immunofluorescence using polyvalent antisera against human immunoglobulins, light chains, complement fractions and fibrinogen. The immunofluorescence was a suitable me'thod to solve differential diagnostic problems that arose at autopsy. The diagnostic value was the most obvious in cases of immunologically mediated renal diseases and in immunologically mediated systemic diseases involving the kidneys. Negative immunofluorescence findings were also useful to determine the pathogenesis of renal lesions, especially in vasculopathies. The immunofluorescence of postmortem material showed similar disturbances to that obtained with biopsy material. At various sites, especially in the tubulo-interstitium, additional electron microscopical study was sometimes needed to localise the immune deposits exactly. The fluorescent microscopical examination of frozen sections of kidney taken at necropsy turned out to be more adequate than the immunoperoxidase examination of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections.

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