Histology and histopathology Vol. 2, nº 2 (1987)

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Light and electron microscopic study of fetal lung following maternal exposure to methylmercuric chloride
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Curle, D.C.; Ray, M.; Persaud, T.V.N.
Varying dose levels of methylmercuric chloride (MMC), 1000 ppm (5 mg through 15 mglkg of body weight), were administered via an intragastric tube to pregnant ICR SwissIWebster mice on day 9 of gestation. The animals were killed on gestational day 18 and the fetuses removed. Fetal lung sections were processed for light and electron microscopy. A group of animals treated with physiological saline in a similar mannner served as the controls. The fetal lungs from treated animals were hypoplastic and retarded in development. The severity of pulmonary changes increased with the dose-levels of MMC. Vacuolation and lysis of mitochondria were seen in fetal lungs. Mitochondrial damage increased in severity with doselevel of methylmercuric chloride.
Open Access
Immunocytochemical studies on prolactin cells in the adenohypophysis of the golden hamster
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Seu-Mei Wang; Chia-Man Lue; Huai-San Lin
Mammotrophs or prolactin (PRL) cells were identifed in the adenohypophysis of adult golden hamsters by immunocytochemical techniques with a polyclonal anti-PRL, that was proved to be specific to PRL by the dot immunoblotting test. Postembedding immunostaining was performed on Araldite thin sections by immunoperoxidase and immunogold methods. PRL cells were classified into three types according to the different size of the secretory granules. The Type A cells were usually small and angular or oval in shape, and had secretory granules ranging in diameter from 100-230 nm, and showed poorly developed organelles. The Type B and C cells were larger and round or ovoid in shape, contained larger granules, 230-280 nm and 280-570 nm, respectively, and displayed well developed organelles. Immunoreactive PRL cells in the male pituitaries were far less numerous than in the nonpregnant female glands, and were mostly of the Type A and B, whereas in the female the Type C and B cells predominated. In pregnant females, Type C cells became activated and increased in number, while the other two types decreased in proportion. In lactating females, Type A and B cells significantly increased in number at the expense of the Type C cells; meanwhile, the exocytosis of secretory granules was frequently found in all types of PRL cells. The present findings suggest that Type C and B PRL cells, especially the former, are potent in producing and releasing PRL and highly responsive to various physiological stimuli, while Type A cells are probably relatively inert in synthetic activity.
Open Access
The protective effects of a prostaglandin without antisecretory properties aginst ethanol-induced injury in the rat stomach, a histologic study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Schmidt, Carmen L.; Henagan, Julia M.; Mitchell, Philip A.; Smith, Gregory S.; Miller, Thomas A.
This study examined the effect of 2-acetyl-2- decarboxy-15(S)-15 methyl PGF,, (PGF,,) on ethanol (EtOH) induced injury in the rat stomach to determine if a PG analogue devoid of antisecretory properties could confer full or partial gastric mucosal protection. Rats were orally administered saline or PGF,, in a dose of 0.5 or 5.0 mg1Kg. Thirty minutes later animals received varying concentrations (i.e. 25%, 50%, and 100%) of EtOH orally. Five minutes following EtOH exposure, they were killed and samples taken from identical regions of the glandular mucosa for microscopic evaluation. All concentrations of EtOH tested damaged the gastric epithelium. The injury induced by 25% EtOH was almost exclusively confined to the surface epithelium and was not altered by either dose of PGF,,, pretreatment. In contrast, both 50% and 1(10% EtOH elicited comparable damage to the gastric mucosa involving both the deep and superficial mucosa of virtually the entire epithelium. The deep injury induced by these two EtOH concentrations was prevented by both the low and high dose of PGF,,. Of particular importance the 5.0 mg dose of PGF, provided complete protection (i.e. both superficial and deep) to as much as 50% of the mucosa exposed to 50% or 100% ethanol. These findings indicate that PGF?, possesses ~~cytoprotectivep*r operties involving both the superficial and deep epithelium that are dose related.
Open Access
Plasma cell granuloma of the tongue. Report of a case
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Soares, J.; Moura Nunes, J.F.; Sacadura, J.
A case of plasma cell granuloma of the tongue in an otherwise symptomless 48-year-old caucasian female is reported. The polyclonal nature of the plasmocytes was revealed by immunostaining of kappa and lambda light chains. Electron microscopic observations showed typical mature plasmocytes. A parasitic etiology of this type of lesion is suggested.
Open Access
Endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa of Rana temporaria L.
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Díaz de Rada, O.; Sesma, P.; Vazquez, J.J.
The endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa of Rana temporaria have been studied according to the ultrastructure, the staining properties of the granules with Masson Fontana's and Grimelius' silver methods, silver impregnation of Davenport on deplasticised semithin sections and immunocytochemical techniques. Seven different types of endocrine cells have been described. Six were regarded as belonging to known types: G, A, EC, ECL, D and P cells. One type was considered as unclassifiable.
Open Access
Anti-platelet agents reduce morphological changes of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Keith, lngegerd; Will, James A.; Huxtable, Ryan J.; Weir, Kenneth
The pathophysiologic mechanism by which chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension is unknown. If anti-platelet agents, or other pharmacologic interventions, altered the pulmonary vascular changes induced by hypoxia, information concerning the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypertension or the potential therapeutic usefulness of the drugs might be obtained. In Study 1, rats exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (P, = 520 mmHg) had a pulmonary arterial medial thickness of 6.7 * 0.6 p compared to 4.1 + 0.2 p * for control, normoxic rats (*p<0.05). Administration of dipyridamole (2mg/kg/day), or sulfinpyrazone (1 1 mg/ kglday) in the drinking water reduced the medial thickness to 5.0 2 0.3 p* and 5.4 2 0.5 p* respectively, thus suggesting the possible involvement of platelets in the response of the media to chronic hypoxia. In Study 2, hypoxic rats treated with the calcium blocker, flunarizine, were found to have less medial hypertrophy than a control group of hypoxic rats. This observation suggests that a decrease in transmembrane calcium flux may also reduce medial hypertrophy.
Open Access
GNRH induces activation of Leydig-like cells in Pleurodeles waltlii. A morphometric study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Moya, L.; Guerrero, F.; Navas, P.; García-Herdugo, G.
The ultrastructure of the interstitial cells of the glandular tissue of Pleurodeles waltlii was studied in testis of animals obtained in early breeding season (January) under gonadotropic releasing hormone (GNRH) treatments and controls. These cells (parenchimal or Ledyig-like cells) displayed the structural characteristics of steroid-producing cells. GNRH administration for 24 hours induced a significant decrease of both medial volume and volume density of lipid droplets. On the other hand, cell volume, nucleus. mitochondria, mitochondrial cristae and tubules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum were increased. The surface density of mitochondrial cristae was also increased
Open Access
Autoradiographic localization of estrogen target cells in the spinal cord of the armadillo and baboon, a comparative study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Weaker, Frank J.; Sheridan, Peter J.
The uptake and retention of radiolabeled estradiol by the spinal cord were examined in the baboon and the armadillo and compared to previous observations in the rat. Four females of each species were injected intracardially with 1.0-1.4 pg/kg body weight of %- estradiol and two females, one baboon and one armadillo, were injected with both labeled and 100-140 pg/kg body weight of unlabeled estradiol. One hour after the injections, the animals were killed and segments from the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral cord were removed and processed for autoradiography. In the armadillo, labeling of neuronal nuclei were noted in laminae I & I1 and in alpha motor neurons. In addition, nuclei of the ependymal cells of the ventral portion of the central canal in the cervical cord concentrated radioactivity. In contrast, the baboon demonstrated only sporadic labeling of neurons in lamina I1 in all levels of the spinal cord. The comparison of our observations with that of the rat suggest that estrogen mediated sensations are probably coordinated at higher brain centers in the primate as opposed to the more primitive mammals
Open Access
S-100 protein in human lung neuroendocrine neoplasms. Immunohistochemical study of 14 cases and review of the literature
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Barbareschi, M.; Mauri, M.F.; Muscara, M.; Lo Re, V.
A group of lung neuroendocrine (NE) neoplasms are investigated in view of the possible presence of S-100 protein immunoreactivity in their cells. The selected tumours were classified according to Gould et al. (1983a) and Mosca et al. (1985). They comprise 5 carcinoids, 3 neuroendocrine carcinomas of the well-differentiated type, or peripheral carcinoids, 5 neuroendocrine carcinomas of the intermediate cell type, or intermediate-cell, poorly differentiated carcinomas, 3 neuroendocrine carcinomas of the microcytoma type, or small cell carcinomas-SCC and a nodal metastasis of microcytoma. All but 2 tumours were immunoreactive for neuron specific enolase (NSE). Few S-100 immunoreactive cells were detected in 4 out of 5 carcinoids, in 1 out of 3 peripheral carcinoids, in 4 out of 5 poorly differentiated carcinomas and in the 3 microcytomas examined. No S-100 positive cells were found in the SCC's nodal metastasis. The S-100 immunolabelled cells can be interpreted as dendritic reticulum cells migrating through the tumours. However, in one case of typical carcinoid, abundant S-100 positive cells were detected: their stellate morphology and their intimate relation with neoplastic cells suggest that they are part of the neoplasia as a sort of satellite cell.
Open Access
Classification of routinelyprocessed anaplastic large cell tumours with a small panel of antibodies. An immunohistochemical study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Henzen-Logmans, Sonja C.; Mullink, Hendrik; Vennegoor, Clauss; Jo Hilgers, Jan Oort; Meijer, Cris J.L.M.
A proportion of anaplastic large cell tumours is difficult to classify on sections of routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Differentiation into large cell lymphoma, carcinoma, melanoma or sarcoma is important in order to assess prognosis and proper treatment. Although the use of immunohistochemistry has been reported in the differentiation between some of these types of neoplasms, no antibody panel, which can directly differentiate all of them, has been described. In the present study we evaluated the value of a panel of 5 antibodies for the classification of 29 anaplastic large cell tumours, which could not be classified by experienced pathologists using conventional histological and histochemical techniques. The panel, which can be used on routinely fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, consisted of 5 different antibodies directed against keratin, vimentin, the human milk-fat globule membrane antigen MAM-6, a melanoma associated antigen and common leucoyte antigen. The use of this panel directly resulted in a definite diagnosis in 95% of the cases and provided valuable information for the diagnosis in the remaining cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by additional marker studies and electron microscopy. Moreover, clinical follow-up, including treatment data, was in accordance with the diagnosis based on the panel.
Open Access
The axon initial segment of corticocollicular neurons in the rabbit visual cortex, an electron-microscope study with HRP
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Matute, C.; Contamina, P.; Martínez Millán, L.
The synaptic connections of the axon initial segment (IS) of retrogradely labeled corticocollicular neurons in the rabbit visual cortex were studied using the HRP-EM method. Identified IS showed relatively few synaptic boutons unevenly distributed along their surface. All these axo-axonic terminals contained pleomorphic vesicles and formed symmetrical synaptic junctions with the IS. The possible origin and chemical nature of these synaptic boutons are discussed.
Open Access
Autoradiographic investigation of circadian rhythms in alveolar bone periosteum and cementum in young mice
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Tonna, E.A.; Singh, I.J.; Sandhu, H.S.
This report presents circadian rhythms in cell proliferation of alveolar bone periosteum and cementum of the maxillary first molars of male 5-week-old BNL, Swiss albino mice which were maintained on a 12 hr light1 dark cycle. Mice were injected with 3H-TDR (lucilgm. body wt.) 1 hr prior to sacrifice and killed every 3 hrs for 24 hrs starting at 9 a.m. Maxillae were decalcified, routinely processed histologically and autoradiographs prepared. Cell labeling indices of alveolar bone and cementum mesial to the first molar were determined. Alveolar bone periosteal and cemental cells show circadian rhythm in their DNA synthetic processes. Peaks in percent labeling exhibit higher values than previously reported for nontraumatized, normal dental periosteum and cementum. While the outer periosteum reveals a single 24 hr peak (6 p.m.), inner periosteum and cementum reveal two ultradian peaks 9 to 12 hrs apart involving both light and dark periods. Rodents are nocturnal, but high peaks are also evident in the light periods, consequently, not all peaks are synonymous with the period of animal activity and feeding. Although the single daylight peak of the outer periosteum may indicate growth of that surface at night to about noon, the double peaks exhibited by inner periosteum and cementum indicate lightldark, continuously active surfaces in terms of DNA synthesis and growth
Open Access
High-energy adhering junctional complexes or with mitochondrial coupling
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) González Santander, R.; Martínez Cuadrado, G.; Rubio Sáez, M.
A variety of adhering junction is found in the ependyma of the domestic cat with a coupling of mitochondria. These are symmetrically situated (in mirror form) at both sides of the intercellular cleft, which always maintain the same separating distance, thereby leaving a limiting cellular space of a constant amplitude. The hypothesis is put forward that the energy (ATP), provided by the mitochondria over adhering junctional complexes, would produce separate fields of force which would position in a lengthwise direction the molecules which give rise to the anchoring filaments. The mitochondrial energy provided and the electrostatic forces generated would produce an adhering, intercellular junction which is functionally very strong and which could be called: high-energy adhering junctional complexes or with mitochondrial coupling.
Open Access
The influence of bromocriptine on the ultrstructure of the biceps femoris muscle in mice
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Stravoravdi, P.; Polyzonis, M.; Demetriou, Th.
Bromocriptine and other dopaminergic agonists drugs are used in Parkinson's disease. In this paper we have studied the ultrastructure of striated muscle of mice after bromocriptine treatment. There was a tremendous increase in the number and size of mitochondria. as well as a very notable increase in the cristae. Some ultrastructure changes were also noted at the neuromuscular junctions. An explanation has been attempted in the light of other investigations concerning the relationship of microtubules and bromocriptine on the one hand, and microtubules and mitochondria on the other.
Open Access
Light microscopical morphometry of prolactin secreting adenomas under treatment with dopamine agonists
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Hamester, U.; Saeger, W.; Ludecke, D.K.
In order to study the light microscopical alterations of pituitary tumours under dopamine agonist treatment, three groups of a total of 18 large or small cell chromophobe adenomas were analysed by light microscopical, immunohistological and morphometrical methods. They were all removed by transsphenoidal surgery. 6 of them were treated preoperatively with dopamine agonists, bromocriptine andlor lisuride, for various periods of time. 8 adenomas remained preoperatively untreated. 4 additional untreated tumors were small cell inactive adenomas for comparison. One case was excluded from the final evaluation of the data because it appeared to be a typical non-responder, clinically as well as histologically. Immunohistological positivity for prolactin was to be found in all cases in various degrees. Clinically active adenomas contained many prolactin positive cells, whereas in inactive adenomas only scattered cells were prolactin positive. The morphometric analysis revealed a reduction of the cytoplasmic area in a statistically significant degree in the group of adenomas under treatment, which explains adequately the shrinkage of the entire adenoma and the reduction of prolactin plasma levels. The morphometric data of treated adenomas resembled those of untreated inactive adenomas.

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