Publication: ¿Influyen los modelos de financiación autonómicos en la eficiencia de las universidades públicas españolas?
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Date
2015
Authors
Larrán-Jorge, Manuel ; García-Correas, Ángel
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Abstract
El debate y la reflexión sobre la financiación de la educación superior, y en concreto de las universidades
públicas, no es algo nuevo. No obstante, en los tiempos actuales, con la aplicación y puesta en marcha en
nuestras universidades de las prescripciones derivadas del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, esta
discusión se ha retomado de forma más intensa, dada la necesidad de garantizar cierto nivel de éxito en
la nueva reforma emprendida.
En función de lo anterior, el presente trabajo cobra oportunidad y utilidad en este contexto marcado
de incertidumbres, donde el objetivo básico del mismo es el de estudiar la eficiencia de las universidades
públicas españolas bajo las dimensiones separadas de docencia, investigación y transferencia del conocimiento,
así como relacionar la misma con los modelos de financiación de las universidades adoptados
por la comunidad autónoma donde residen. En definitiva, la hipótesis a contrastar no es otra que saber
si los modelos de financiación tienen influencia sobre la eficiencia docente, investigadora y de tercera
misión de las instituciones universitarias, dado que los mismos no solo debieran servir para asegurar la
equidad y la suficiencia económica de aquellas, sino si también debieran utilizarse como inductores de
mejoras en la eficiencia.
Para evaluar la eficiencia aplicamos la metodología Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), desarrollada por
Charnes et al. (1978) a partir del trabajo pionero de Farrel en 1957. La muestra está formada por las 47
universidades públicas españolas presenciales con información obtenida de diversas fuentes y relativa a
los cursos académicos 2005/2006 a 2009/2010.
The discussion on the financing of Higher Education, particularly national universities, is not new. However, due to the effective application and implementation of the directives currently developed by the European Higher Education Area, this debate has been taken up again with greater intensity. In light of the above, this work assesses the timeliness and usefulness in this context marked by some uncertainties. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the efficiency of Spanish National Universities under three different dimensions: teaching, research and transfer of knowledge efficiency. Furthermore, the aim is to relate it with the universities financial models of the universities, adopted by the Autonomous Region where they are located. In short, the hypotheses to be tested are drawn up in order to determine whether these financial models have any influence on the teaching, research and efficiency of national universities, given that they should not only help to ensure equity and economic sufficiency to both dimensions, but also they should be used as constructors for improving the efficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) developed by Charnes et al. (1978) (based on the work of Farrell, 1957) is applied to assess the efficiency. The research is based on the on-site analysis of 47 Spanish National Universities, and the information required is obtained from various sources and from the academic years 2005/2006 to 2009/2010.
The discussion on the financing of Higher Education, particularly national universities, is not new. However, due to the effective application and implementation of the directives currently developed by the European Higher Education Area, this debate has been taken up again with greater intensity. In light of the above, this work assesses the timeliness and usefulness in this context marked by some uncertainties. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the efficiency of Spanish National Universities under three different dimensions: teaching, research and transfer of knowledge efficiency. Furthermore, the aim is to relate it with the universities financial models of the universities, adopted by the Autonomous Region where they are located. In short, the hypotheses to be tested are drawn up in order to determine whether these financial models have any influence on the teaching, research and efficiency of national universities, given that they should not only help to ensure equity and economic sufficiency to both dimensions, but also they should be used as constructors for improving the efficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) developed by Charnes et al. (1978) (based on the work of Farrell, 1957) is applied to assess the efficiency. The research is based on the on-site analysis of 47 Spanish National Universities, and the information required is obtained from various sources and from the academic years 2005/2006 to 2009/2010.
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