Publication: Diagnóstico y factores de riesgo de giardiosis canina
Authors
Rodríguez Arce, Elena ; Bernal Catalán, Ana ; Del Río Alonso, Laura
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones
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Description
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis es un parásito protozoario flagelado responsable de una de las infecciones parasitarias intestinales más frecuente en perros. La mayoría de casos son asintomáticos, pero resulta relevante para la salud pública debido a su potencial zoonótico. En algunos casos, como los colectivos caninos, el diagnostico directo es una alternativa más asequible al test de antígenos. Este estudio busca establecer la sensibilidad del diagnóstico en fresco a dos tiempos tras la toma de muestras. Además, busca determinar los principales factores de riesgo relacionados con la infección y la efectividad de los tratamientos previos. Para ello, se observó la presencia de giardiosis en muestras fecales de un total de 37 perros del Centro de Zoonosis del Ayuntamiento de Murcia, empleando el diagnóstico directo de muestras en fresco en el momento de recolección y 1-2 horas tras la recolección, comparando el resultado con el test de antígenos. En las muestras en fresco, se observó una prevalencia del 51,35% a tiempo 0, mientras que a tiempo 1, la prevalencia fue menor siendo de un 37,84%. La sensibilidad del diagnóstico en fresco se determinó empleando el test de antígenos como gold standard, obteniendo una sensibilidad del 72%. Se realizó un análisis descrip-tivo de los datos y se estudiaron los factores de riesgo y las asociaciones entre ellos. Se realizó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples (MCA) para observar la relación entre las diferentes variables. En conclusión, este estudio demuestra la alta sensibilidad del diagnóstico directo empleando muestras en fresco. Además, se establece la edad como principal factor de riesgo biótico, mientras que el tiempo de estancia en el centro es el principal factor de riesgo abiótico. Es importante destacar el efecto limitado de los tratamien-tos en la prevención de recidivas, lo que tiene implicaciones significativas en el manejo de le enfermedad en colectivos caninos.
Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite responsible for one of the most prevalent intestinal parasitic infections in dogs. Although most cases are asymptomatic, the parasite poses a significant public health concern due to its potential for zoonotic transmission. In certain contexts, such as canine communities, direct diagnostic methods may offer a cost-effective alternative to coproantigen-based diagnostic tests.This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of a direct diagnostic method applied to fresh fecal samples at two time points post-collection. Additionally, it sought to identify key risk factors for infection and assess the effectiveness of prior treatments. Fecal samples were collected from 37 dogs housed at the Zoonosis Center of the Municipality of Murcia. Giardia infection was assessed using direct examination of fresh samples at the time of collection (T0) and 1–2 hours later (T1), with results compared to a rapid coproantigen diagnostic test, which served as the gold standard.At T0, the prevalence of giardiasis was 51.35%, which decreased to 37.84% at T1. The sensitivity of the fresh diagnostic method, relative to the coproantigen test, was 72%. Descriptive analysis was performed to explore risk factors and associations, and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was conducted to examine relationships among variables.In conclusion, this study demonstrates that direct diagnostic methods exhibit high sensitivity when per-formed on fresh samples. Age emerged as the primary biotic risk factor, while the duration of stay at the center was identified as the most significant abiotic risk factor for parasite shedding. Notably, the limited effectiveness of treatments in preventing relapses underscores the challenges in managing giardiasis within canine communi-ties
Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite responsible for one of the most prevalent intestinal parasitic infections in dogs. Although most cases are asymptomatic, the parasite poses a significant public health concern due to its potential for zoonotic transmission. In certain contexts, such as canine communities, direct diagnostic methods may offer a cost-effective alternative to coproantigen-based diagnostic tests.This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of a direct diagnostic method applied to fresh fecal samples at two time points post-collection. Additionally, it sought to identify key risk factors for infection and assess the effectiveness of prior treatments. Fecal samples were collected from 37 dogs housed at the Zoonosis Center of the Municipality of Murcia. Giardia infection was assessed using direct examination of fresh samples at the time of collection (T0) and 1–2 hours later (T1), with results compared to a rapid coproantigen diagnostic test, which served as the gold standard.At T0, the prevalence of giardiasis was 51.35%, which decreased to 37.84% at T1. The sensitivity of the fresh diagnostic method, relative to the coproantigen test, was 72%. Descriptive analysis was performed to explore risk factors and associations, and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was conducted to examine relationships among variables.In conclusion, this study demonstrates that direct diagnostic methods exhibit high sensitivity when per-formed on fresh samples. Age emerged as the primary biotic risk factor, while the duration of stay at the center was identified as the most significant abiotic risk factor for parasite shedding. Notably, the limited effectiveness of treatments in preventing relapses underscores the challenges in managing giardiasis within canine communi-ties
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Giardia duodenalis , Diagnóstico , Perro , Diarrea , Giardia duodenalis , Diagnosis , Dog , Diarrhea
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