Publication: EmoPro – Emotional prototypicality for 1286 Spanish words: Relationships with affective and psycholinguistic variables
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Date
2021-01
Authors
Pérez-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel ; Stadthagen-Gonzalez, Hans ; Guasch, Marc ; Hinojosa, José Antonio ; Fraga, Isabel ; Marín, Javier ; Ferré, Pilar
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Publisher
The Psychonomic Society, Inc.
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Psicología Básica y Metodología Department of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Dpto. Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain Cognitive Processes & Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Description
Abstract
We present EmoPro, a normative study of the emotion lexicon of the Spanish language. We provide emotional prototypicality ratings for 1286 emotion words (i.e., those that refer to human emotions such as “fear” or “happy”), belonging to different grammatical categories. This is the largest data set for this variable so far. Each word was rated by at least 20 participants, and adequate reliability and validity rates for prototypicality scores were found. We also provide new affective (valence, arousal, emotionality, happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, and anger) and psycholinguistic (Age-of-Acquisition, frequency and concreteness) ratings for those words without prior data in the extant literature, and analyze which of the given variables contribute the most to prototypicality. A factor analysis on the affective and psycholinguistic variables has shown that prototypicality loads in a factor associated to the emotional salience of words. Furthermore, a regression analysis reveals a significant role of both dimensional and discrete- emotion-related variables, as well as a modest effect of AoA and frequency on the prediction of prototypicality. Cross-linguistic comparisons show that the pattern obtained here is similar to that observed in other languages. EmoPro norms will be highly valuable for researchers in the field, providing them with a tool to select the most representative emotion words in Spanish for their experimental (e.g., for a comparison with emotion-laden words, such as “murder” or “party”) or applied studies (e.g., to examine the acquisition of emotion words/concepts in children). The full set of norms is available as supplementary material.
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