DigitalUM :: Browsing by browse.metadata.contributordepartment "Psicología Básica y Metodología"

Browsing by browse.metadata.contributordepartment "Psicología Básica y Metodología"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 60

Open Access
A dataset of word recognition accuracy, times, and prevalence for 4,562 verbs and 4,562 pseudoverbs of Spanish
(2025-12-03) Marín, Javier; Miguel-Abella, Romina; Herrera, Elena; González-Nosti, María; Pérez Sánchez, Miguel Ángel; Psicología Básica y Metodología
The current database comprises behavioral data from 267 healthy Spanish adults aged 18 to 51, who participated in a visual lexical decision task conducted in a laboratory setting. Raw data on response accuracy and latencies are available for 4,565 verbs and 4,565 pseudoverbs, along with word prevalence—calculated from accuracy in that task. Additionally, a filtered dataset containing response times (RT) for only correct responses, applying commonly used thresholds for outliers, is provided. Reliability analyses (via ICC) demonstrated good to excellent scores for the entire dataset. Criterion and construct validity, including a comparative analysis with other databases, were also examined, yielding satisfactory results. The new data can facilitate researchers in conducting virtual or pilot experiments, exploring novel research questions, or constructing models of word recognition. Furthermore, they may be of interest at the clinical level, such as in the selection of materials for cognitive rehabilitation, as the behavioral data and prevalence can be utilized to organize words based on their difficulty for training purposes.
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A meta-review of transparency and reproducibility-related reporting practices in published meta-analyses on clinical psychological interventions (2000–2020)
(Springer, 2022-02) López Nicolás, Rubén; López López, José Antonio; Rubio Aparicio, María; Sánchez Meca, Julio; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Meta-analysis is a powerful and important tool to synthesize the literature about a research topic. Like other kinds of research,meta-analyses must be reproducible to be compliant with the principles of the scientific method. Furthermore, reproducible meta-analyses can be easily updated with new data and reanalysed applying new and more refined analysis techniques. We attemptedto empirically assess the prevalence of transparency and reproducibility-related reporting practices in published meta-analysesfrom clinical psychology by examining a random sample of 100 meta-analyses. Our purpose was to identify the key points thatcould be improved, with the aim of providing some recommendations for carrying out reproducible meta-analyses. We conduct-ed a meta-review of meta-analyses of psychological interventions published between 2000 and 2020. We searched PubMed,PsycInfo and Web of Science databases. A structured coding form to assess transparency indicators was created based onprevious studies and existing meta-analysis guidelines. We found major issues concerning: completely reproducible searchprocedures report, specification of the exact method to compute effect sizes, choice of weighting factors and estimators, lackof availability of the raw statistics used to compute the effect size and of interoperability of available data, and practically totalabsence of analysis script code sharing. Based on our findings, we conclude with recommendations intended to improve thetransparency, openness, and reproducibility-related reporting practices of meta-analyses in clinical psychology and related areas.
Open Access
A Prototype for the Voice Analysis Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
(IOS Press, 2018-04-26) Martínez-Sánchez, Francisco; García Meilán, Juan José; Carro, Juan; Ivanova, Olga; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Background: Speech variations enable us to map the performance of cognitive processes of syntactic, semantic, phonological, and articulatory planning and execution. Speaking is one of the first functions to be affected by neurodegenerative complaints such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which makes the speech a highly promising biomarker for detecting the illness before the first preclinical symptoms appear. Objective: This paper has sought to develop and validate a technological prototype that adopts an automated approach to speech analysis among older people. Methods: It uses a mathematical algorithm based on certain discriminatory variables to estimate the probability of developing AD. Results and Conclusion: This device may be used at a preclinical stage by non-expert health professionals to determine the likelihood of the onset of AD.
Open Access
A reliability generalization meta-analysis of the dimensional obsessive-compulsive scale
(2021-02) Rubén López-Nicolás; María Rubio-Aparicio; Carmen López-Ibáñez; Julio Sánchez-Meca; López Nicolás, Rubén; Rubio Aparicio, María; López-Ibáñez, Carmen; Sánchez Meca, Julio; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Background: The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is a well-established tool for assessing obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. A reliability generalization meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the average reliability of DOCS scores and how reliability estimates vary according to the composition and variability of samples, to identify study characteristics that can explain its variability, and to estimate the reliability induction rate. Method: A literature search produced 86 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: For the DOCS total scores, an average alpha coefficient of .925 was found (95% CI [.920,.931]), as well as mean alphas of .881, .905, .913, and .914 for Contamination, Responsibility, Unacceptable Thoughts, and Symmetry subscales, respectively. Moderator analysis showed that internal consistency fell signifi cantly the more clinical and subclinical participants there were in the sample, and the larger the mean score in the sample for the total scores. The most important moderator variables for the subscales were the standard deviation and the mean of the scores. Conclusions: The DOCS scores exhibited excellent internal consistency reliability for both total score and subscale scores and DOCS is suitable both for research and clinical purposes.
Open Access
A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysisofthe Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R)
(Elsevier Inc., 2021-10-11) Nuñez-Nuñez, Rosa María; Rubio-Aparicio, María; Marín-Martínez, Fulgencio; Sanchez-Meca, Julio; Lopez-Pina, Jose Antonio; López-López, José Antonio; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Abstract Background/Objective: The Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R) is a widely applied instrument to measure obsessive-compulsive symptoms in clinical and nonclinical samples. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on the PI-R. Method: An exhaustive literature search yielded 118 empirical studies that had applied the PI-R, from which 30 studies (33 samples) reported an original reliability estimate. Results: Assuming a random-effects model, the average internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was .92 (95% CI [.91, .93]) for the total scores, and ranged from .74 to .89 for the subscales. Assuming mixed-effects models, moderator analyses showed a positive statistically significant association between the standard deviation of the total scores and the reliability coefficients (p = .002; R2 = .38). Conclusions: In terms of reliability, the PI-R scale was found to be adequate for both research and clinical purposes, although exhibiting large heterogeneity across studies. Future empirical studies using the PI-R should be required to provide at least one reliability estimate based on their own data.
Open Access
Ajuste psicológico en pacientes portadores de un Desfibrilador Automático Implantado: prevención primaria frente a prevención secundaria. Un estudio comparativo
(2020) Alcaraz Andreu, Silvia; Hidalgo Montesinos, María Dolores; Godoy Fernández, Carmen; Fernández Ros, Encarna; Sánchez Muñoz, Juan J.; Garía Alberola, Arcadio; Psicología Básica y Metodología; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Unidad de Arritmias. Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB
Open Access
Analysis of speech rhythm and heart rate as indicators of stress on student interpreters
(Taylor and Francis Group Routledge, 2021-03-30) Rojo López, Ana María; Foulquié Rubio, Ana Isabel; Espín López, Laura; Martínez Sánchez, Francisco (1960); Traducción e Interpretación; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Stress is assumed to be intrinsic to interpreting and the ability to manage it a presumed predictor of performance. And yet, empirical research on the role of stress in interpreting has remained scarce. This study explores the impact of stress and anxiety on the academic scores, heart rate (HR) and speech rhythm of 23 student interpreters in a liaison interpreting task. Participants’ stress and anxiety are measured using HR measures and the STAI test. Their speech rhythm is automatically analyzed through different indexes deriving from the variability of syllabic intervals. Results show that students’ grades negatively correlate with their levels of state anxiety, which are, in turn, significantly related to their rhythmic parameters in L1-L2 interpreting. Greater rhythmic variability correlates with students’ lower examination scores when speech is delivered into their L2. A significant increase in mean HR is reported during the interpreting task phase as compared with baseline and recovery phase, suggesting that HR was a sensitive marker to detect the students’ stress response, but not to the level of influencing performance. Results point to the need to triangulate different measures to obtain a complete picture of how stress and anxiety may impact interpreting performance.
Open Access
Approaches and study skills inventory for students: comparación de las propiedades psicométricas entre las versiones de lápiz-papel y online en estudiantes universitarios
(Asociación Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación, 2021-09) Freiberg-Hoffman, Agustin; Romero Medina, Agustín; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión argentina del ASSIST y su invarianza factorial según modalidad de administración (lápiz-papel y online). Se trabajó con dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios de Argentina. Una de ellas (n=700) contestó el ASSIST en formato de lápiz y papel, y la otra (n=835) lo hizo de modo online. Se testeó el ajuste del modelo para ambas muestras observando adecuados índices. Luego se comparó el modelo entre los formatos de administración verificando una adecuada invarianza métrica. Asimismo, se analizó la consistencia interna de las dimensiones del instrumento para cada muestra y se las comparó entre ellas. Los resultados mostraron adecuados índices. Finalmente, no se observaron variaciones al comparar los puntajes de las dimensiones entre ambas muestras. Se discute el alcance de los resultados y sus implicancias prácticas.
Open Access
Assessing math anxiety in elementary schoolchildren through a Spanish version of the Scale for Early Mathematics Anxiety (SEMA)
(Public Library of Science, 2021-08-05) Sánchez Pérez, Noelia; Fuentes Melero, Luis José; González Salinas, Carmen; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Math anxiety (MA) affects students of all age groups. Because of its effects on children’s academic development, the need to recognize its early manifestations has been highlighted. We designed a European-Spanish version of the Scale for Early Mathematics Anxiety (SEMA; Wu et al. (2012)), and assessed its psychometric properties in a sample of children aged 7 to 12 years. The participants (967 typically developing children) were elementary school students recruited from ten schools. Children reported their general and math anxiety levels in an individual session and performed nonverbal IQ and math abilities subtests in a group session. Teachers reported the final math grades. The psychometric indices obtained, and the resulting factor structure revealed that the European-Spanish version of the SEMA developed in this study is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate MA in children from 3rd to 6th grade. Moreover, we explored gender differences, that resulted in small effect sizes, which disappeared when controlling for trait anxiety. Differences across grades were found for both global MA and the numerical processing anxiety factor but not for the situational and performance anxiety factor. Finally, MA was negatively associated with students’ math achievement, although the strength of the associations varied with the MA measure selected, the kind of math achievement analyzed, and the school stage considered. Our findings highlight the relevance of MA in elementary school and highlight the need for an early identification of students at risk of suffering MA to palliate the negative consequences of MA in children’s cognitive and academic development.
Open Access
Changes in the Rhythm of Speech Difference between People with Nondegenerative Mild Cognitive Impairment and with Preclinical Dementia
(2020-04-14) García Meilán, Juan José; Martínez-Sánchez, Francisco; Martínez-Nicolás, Israel; Llorente, Thide; Carro, Juan; Psicología Básica y Metodología
This study explores several speech parameters related to mild cognitive impairment, as well as those that might be flagging the presence of an underlying neurodegenerative process. Speech is an excellent biomarker because it is not invasive and, what is more, its analysis is rapid and economical. Our aim has been to ascertain whether the typical speech patterns of people with Alzheimer’s disease are also present during the disorder’s preclinical stages. To do so, we shall be using a task that involves reading out aloud. This is followed by an analysis of the recordings, looking for the possible parameters differentiating between those older people with MCI and a high probability of developing dementia and those with MCI that will not do so. We found that the disease’s most differentiating parameters prior to its onset involve changes in speech duration and an alteration in rhythm rate and intensity. These parameters seem to be related to the first difficulties in lexical access among older people with AD.
Open Access
Circadian modulation of the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing.
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2024-02-05) Palmero, Lucía B.; Tortajada, Miriam; Sandoval Lentisco, Alejandro; Campoy, Guillermo; Fuentes Melero, Luis José; Martínez Pérez, Víctor; Psicología Básica y Metodología
We investigated whether chronotype and time-of-day modulate the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Participants performed a category semantic priming task at either the optimal or non-optimal time of day. We varied the prime-target onset asynchrony (100-, 450-, 650-, and 850-ms SOAs) and kept the percentage of unrelated targets constant at 80%. Automatic processing was expected with the short SOA, and controlled processing with longer SOAs. Intermediate-types (Experiment 1) verified that our task was sensitive to capturing both types of processes and served as a reference to assess themin extreme chronotypes. Morning-type and evening-type participants (Experiment 2) differed in the influence of time of testing on priming effects. Morning-types applied control in all conditions, and no performance modulation by time-of-day was observed. In contrast, evening-types were most adversely affected by the time of day to shift from automatic-based to controlled-based responses. Also, they were considerably affected in successfully implementing controlled processing with long intervals, particularly at the non-optimal time of day, with inhibitory priming showing only a marginally significant effect at the longest SOA. These results suggest that extreme chronotypes may be associated with different styles of cognitive control. Morning-types would be driven by a proactive control style, whereas a reactive control style might be applied by evening-types.
Open Access
Computer-based cognitive training improves brain functional connectivity in the attentional networks: a study with Primary School-aged children
(Frontiers Media, 2019-10-23) Sánchez Pérez, Noelia; Inuggi, Alberto; Castillo, Alejandro; Campoy, Guillermo; García Santos, José M.; González Salinas, Carmen; Fuentes Melero, Luis José; Psicología Básica y Metodología
We have shown that a computer-based program that trains schoolchildren in cognitive tasks that mainly tap working memory (WM), implemented by teachers and integrated into school routine, improved cognitive and academic skills compared with an active control group. Concretely, improvements were observed in inhibition skills, non-verbal IQ, mathematics and reading skills. Here, we focus on a subsample from the overarching study who volunteered to be scanned using a resting state fMRI protocol before and 6-month after training. This sample reproduced the aforementioned behavioral effects, and brain functional connectivity changes were observed within the attentional networks (ATN), linked to improvements in inhibitory control. Findings showed stronger relationships between inhibitory control scores and functional connectivity in a right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) cluster in trained children compared to children from the control group. Seed-based analyses revealed that connectivity between the r-MFG and homolateral parietal and superior temporal areas were more strongly related to inhibitory control in trained children compared to the control group. These findings highlight the relevance of computer-based cognitive training, integrated in real-life school environments, in boosting cognitive/academic performance and brain functional connectivity.
Open Access
Decoding load or selection in visuospatial working memory?
(Wiley, 2024-10) Tortajada, Miriam; Fahrenfort, Johannes J.; Sandoval Lentisco, Alejandro; Palmero, Lucía B.; Castillo, Alejandro; Fuentes Melero, Luis José; Campoy, Guillermo; Olivers, Christian N. L.; Martínez Pérez, Víctor; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Flexible updating of information in Visual Working Memory (VWM) is crucial to deal with its limited capacity. Previous research has shown that the removal of no longer relevant information takes some time to complete. Here, we sought to study the time course of such removal by tracking the accompanying drop in load through behavioral and neurophysiological measures. In the first experimental session, participants completed a visuospatial retro-cue task in which the Cue-Target Interval (CTI) was manipulated. The performance revealed that it takes about half a second to make full use of the retro-cue. In a second session, we sought to study the dynamics of load-related electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to track the removal of information. We applied Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) to EEG data from the same task. Right after encoding, results replicated previous research using MVPA to decode load. However, especially after the retro-cue, results suggested that classifiers were mainly sensitive to a selection component, and not so much to load per se. Additionally, visual cue variations, as well as eye movements that accompany load manipulations can also contribute to decoding. These findings advise caution when using MVPA to decode VWM load, as classifiers may be sensitive to confounding operations.
Open Access
Discriminating speech traits of Alzheimer’s disease assessed through a corpus of reading task for Spanish language
(2021-12-05) Ivanova, Olga; García Meilán, Juan José; Martínez-Sánchez, Francisco; Martínez-Nicolás, Israel; Llorente, Thide; Carcabilla-Gonzalez, Nuria; Psicología Básica y Metodología
It is estimated that between 50% and 75% of all cases of dementia are due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease among World population. However, a long preclinical period of AD makes it difficult to differentiate between people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) that would progress to dementia from people with MCI that would not. One of the most promising solutions to detect MCI which will evolve to dementia (preAD) comes from the field of automatic speech analysis. Speech is a complex physiological and neurocognitive language-mediated process, which can be significantly altered in pathological aging and exhibit high levels of sensitivity for the diagnosis of neurological diseases. The purpose of this research is to offer a detailed perspective on the speech changes in MCI and mild AD when compared to healthy aging (HA), that would allow to detect pathological processes prior to the clinical expression of AD. Based on our previous research record on speech in HA, MCI and AD, we provide a global review of dementia-related speech traits and propose a reading-based protocol for assessing ongoing neurodegenerative processes in the elderly. We report the results of speech analysis in elderly people with different cognitive profiles, who performed a standardized reading task and were further analyzed for correlations between neurocognitive assessment indicative of cognitive impairment stage (HA, MCI or AD) and acoustic, temporal and prosodic traits in speech. We show that evolution from HA to AD exhibits a steady pattern of speech changes in parallel to the cognitive decline, which consists in significant increase in duration and phonation time, extension of pauses and voice breaks, intensification of variation in syllabic production, and decrease in speech energy and intensity leading to dysphony. In doing so, we prove that a standardized reading task is a very useful type of stimuli for detecting dementia-related speech traits and, in view of this, we discuss the relevance of reading for preclinical automated diagnosis of AD. The main contribution of this paper is a corpus of recordings of the standardized reading task performed by healthy elderly people and people with MCI and AD in Spanish language, and which can be used for further research purposes. In this respect, our work fills an important gap existing in corpora-based studies of speech and language impairments related to progression to dementia.
Open Access
Effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation over right‑DLPFC on vigilance tasks depend on the arousal level
(Nature Research, 2022-01-11) Tortajada, Miriam; Palmero, Lucía B.; Campoy, Guillermo; Fuentes Melero, Luis José; Martínez Pérez, Víctor; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Current theoretical accounts on the oscillatory nature of sustained attention predict that entrainment via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at alpha and theta frequencies on specific areas of the prefrontal cortex could prevent the drops in vigilance across time-on-task. Nonetheless, most previous studies have neglected both the fact that vigilance comprises two dissociable components (i.e., arousal and executive vigilance) and the potential role of differences in arousal levels. We examined the effects of theta- and alpha-tACS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in both components of vigilance and in participants who differed in arousal level according to their chronotype and time of testing. Intermediate-types performed the vigilance tasks when their arousal level was optimal, whereas evening-types performed the vigilance tasks when their arousal levels were non-optimal. Both theta- and alpha-tACS improved arousal vigilance in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), whereas alpha-tACS, but not theta-tACS, improved executive vigilance in the sustained attention to response task (SART), and counteracted the typical vigilance decrement usually observed in this task. Importantly, these stimulation effects were only found when arousal was low (i.e., with evening-types performing the tasks at their non-optimal time of day). The results support the multicomponent view of vigilance, the relevance of heeding individual differences in arousal, and the role of alpha oscillations as a long-range cortical scale synchronization mechanism that compensates the decrements in performance as a function of time-on-task by exerting and maintaining cognitive control attributed to activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
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Emoji-SP, the Spanish emoji database: visual complexity, familiarity, frequency of use, clarity, and emotional valence and arousal norms for 1031 emojis
(Springer, Psychonomic Society, 2022-06-17) Ferré, Pilar; Haro, Juan; Pérez-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel; Moreno, Irene; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Psicología Básica y Metodología
This article presents subjective norms for 1031 emojis in six dimensions: visual complexity, familiarity, frequency of use, clarity, emotional valence, and emotional arousal. This is the largest normative study conducted so far that relies on subjective ratings. Unlike the few existing normative studies, which mainly comprise face emojis, here we present a wide range of emoji categories. We also examine the correlations between the dimensions assessed. Our results show that, in terms of their affective properties, emojis are analogous to other stimuli, such as words, showing the expected U-shaped relationship between valence and arousal. The relationship between affective properties and other dimensions (e.g., between valence and familiarity) is also similar to the relationship observed in words, in the sense that positively valenced emojis are more familiar than negative ones. These findings suggest that emojis are suitable stimuli for studying affective processing. Emoji-SP will be highly valuable for researchers of various fields interested in emojis, including computer science, communication, linguistics, and psychology. The full set of norms is available at: https://osf.io/dtfjv/.
Open Access
EmoPro – Emotional prototypicality for 1286 Spanish words: Relationships with affective and psycholinguistic variables
(The Psychonomic Society, Inc., 2021-01) Pérez-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel; Stadthagen-Gonzalez, Hans; Guasch, Marc; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Fraga, Isabel; Marín, Javier; Ferré, Pilar; Psicología Básica y Metodología; Department of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA; Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Dpto. Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain; Cognitive Processes & Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
We present EmoPro, a normative study of the emotion lexicon of the Spanish language. We provide emotional prototypicality ratings for 1286 emotion words (i.e., those that refer to human emotions such as “fear” or “happy”), belonging to different grammatical categories. This is the largest data set for this variable so far. Each word was rated by at least 20 participants, and adequate reliability and validity rates for prototypicality scores were found. We also provide new affective (valence, arousal, emotionality, happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, and anger) and psycholinguistic (Age-of-Acquisition, frequency and concreteness) ratings for those words without prior data in the extant literature, and analyze which of the given variables contribute the most to prototypicality. A factor analysis on the affective and psycholinguistic variables has shown that prototypicality loads in a factor associated to the emotional salience of words. Furthermore, a regression analysis reveals a significant role of both dimensional and discrete- emotion-related variables, as well as a modest effect of AoA and frequency on the prediction of prototypicality. Cross-linguistic comparisons show that the pattern obtained here is similar to that observed in other languages. EmoPro norms will be highly valuable for researchers in the field, providing them with a tool to select the most representative emotion words in Spanish for their experimental (e.g., for a comparison with emotion-laden words, such as “murder” or “party”) or applied studies (e.g., to examine the acquisition of emotion words/concepts in children). The full set of norms is available as supplementary material.
Open Access
Enfoques de aprendizaje, autorregulación y autoeficacia y su influencia en el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios de Psicología
(MDPI, 2019-01-27) Gómez Martínez, Javier; Romero Medina, Agustín; Psicología Básica y Metodología; Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia
Se analiza la influencia de los enfoques de aprendizaje, los estilos de autorregulación que considera el estudiante en su tarea académica (autorregulación antes, durante y después de la tarea) y la autoeficacia académica percibida de estudiantes universitarios en su rendimiento académico. Se dispone para ello de 136 participantes de 2º curso del Grado en Psicología. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes con un buen rendimiento previo, mayor autoeficacia y autorregulación explican mejor el éxito académico. De los enfoques de aprendizaje cabe destacar que, como en otras investigaciones, el más relacionado con el rendimiento académico es el enfoque estratégico. Sin embargo, los estudiantes de menor éxito parecen contradecir los resultados de otras investigaciones predominando en ellos un enfoque profundo. Junto a estos resultados también se muestran relaciones significativas entre enfoque estratégico, autoeficacia y autorregulación, pero no con el enfoque profundo. Se discute la relación bidireccional de estas variables con el rendimiento académico y entre sí, particularmente en lo que se refiere a los enfoques estratégicos y la autorregulación, incluido aquí el factor de metacognición declarativa de autoeficacia y su influencia como expectativa de rendimiento académico.
Open Access
Enhancing recognition memory in adults through differential outcomes
(2011) Plaza Rodríguez, María Victoria; Estévez, Ángeles F.; López Crespo, Ginesa Ana; Fuentes Melero, Luis José; Psicología Básica y Metodología
Open Access
Estudiando la percepción de peligros en tráfico (hazard perception) en el laboratorio: una revisión
(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2012) Egea-Caparrós, Damián-Amaro; Psicología Básica y Metodología
En este artículo se revisan treinta trabajos experimentales cuyo denominador común es que tratan sobre la percepción de peligros en tráfico (“hazard perception”), siempre en laboratorio. Se exponen los resultados de la revisión acerca de la forma de presentación de los estímulos o situaciones de tráfico en las que puede haber un cierto peligro (vídeo y simulación de conducción), el grado de fidelidad o realismo de los estímulos presentados (a través del uso de sonido o el tamaño de la proyección de los estímulos), la definición de peligro dada a los participantes y las variables de detección del peligro empleadas, así como otros aspectos metodológicos (por ejemplo, la separación entre edad y experiencia en conducción y las variables de control empleadas). En cuanto a las conclusiones más relevantes, la mayoría de trabajos emplea la presentación de escenas de tráfico real mediante vídeo. Resulta sorprendente la ausencia de la presentación de sonido en los clips, aspecto aún no estudiado sistemáticamente. Además, la ampliación del campo de visión consigue reducir el tiempo de latencia de la respuesta al peligro. Esta última variable ha mostrado ser capaz de discriminar entre conductores noveles y expertos. Finalmente, es posible entrenar la habilidad de percepción de peligros en conductores de diferente edad y experiencia.