Publication: Trabajo y enfermedad : relaciones en litigio (España, siglo XX)
Authors
Cohen, Arón ; Fleta, Agustín
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones
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Description
Abstract
El concepto de accidente de trabajo, y aún más el de enfermedad profesional, no designan realidades que se
impongan invariablemente por su sola denominación. El reconocimiento de un “nexo” entre trabajo y enfermedades ha sido en todas partes mucho más tímido y dificultoso que el de los accidentes propiamente dichos. Con el objetivo puesto en los riesgos de enfermar “con ocasión o por consecuencia del trabajo”, una muestra de un millar de sentencias judiciales, repartidas entre 1936 y 1983, comprueba el peso de inercias estructurales y se detiene en los signos de inflexión, en función de la evolución de la
legislación de referencia, pero también de sus interpretaciones por los tribunales y de su contexto.
Como expresión normalizada de hechos sociales (los riesgos del trabajo para la salud de quienes lo realizan), el “riesgo profesional” es un objeto en construcción, en un proceso más contradictorio que lineal.
The concepts of occupational accident, and especially of professional illness, do not express concrete realities that are self-evident by name alone. The recognition of a “link” between work and illnesses has always been a much more gradual, more problematic process than that linking work and accidents in the strict sense of the word. In this article, we focus on the risks of becoming ill “on the occasion of or as a consequence of work”. In a review of a sample group of around 1,000 court sentences between 1936 and 1983, we analyse the influence of structural inertias, highlighting in particular the signs of change, in line with the evolution of legislation and the way it was interpreted by the courts. The changing social context is also taken into account. As a normalized expression of social facts (the occupational health risks to which workers are exposed), the concept of “occupational hazard” is still very much under construction, in a process that is contradictory and far from linear.
The concepts of occupational accident, and especially of professional illness, do not express concrete realities that are self-evident by name alone. The recognition of a “link” between work and illnesses has always been a much more gradual, more problematic process than that linking work and accidents in the strict sense of the word. In this article, we focus on the risks of becoming ill “on the occasion of or as a consequence of work”. In a review of a sample group of around 1,000 court sentences between 1936 and 1983, we analyse the influence of structural inertias, highlighting in particular the signs of change, in line with the evolution of legislation and the way it was interpreted by the courts. The changing social context is also taken into account. As a normalized expression of social facts (the occupational health risks to which workers are exposed), the concept of “occupational hazard” is still very much under construction, in a process that is contradictory and far from linear.
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Work , Illnesses , Reporting , Recognition , Courts , Dynamics , Trabajo , Enfermedades , (Re-)conocimiento , Tribunales , Dinámica
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