Publication: Low range of shoulders horizontal abduction predisposes for shoulder pain in competitive young swimmers
Authors
Cejudo, Antonio ; Sánchez Castillo, Sheila ; Sainz de Baranda, Pilar ; Carlos Gámez, Juan ; Santonja Medina, Fernando
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Publisher
Frontiers Media
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Description
© 2019 Cejudo, Sánchez-Castillo, Sainz de Baranda, Gámez and Santonja-Medina. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This document is the Published Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Frontiers in Psychology. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00478
Abstract
The prevalence of shoulder pain (SP) among competitive swimmers is high, and
may profoundly restrict their ability to compete. This prospective cohort study
investigated the association between 3 blocks of performance factors (anthropometric
characteristics, sport experience and training regimen) and the presence of SP. The
aims of the present study were: (a): to determine the profile of shoulder flexibility in
young swimmers, (b) to analyze whether a restricted range of movement (ROM) could
be a predictor of subsequent SP in young swimmers. 24 competitive young swimmers
were measured in the 2016 pre-season. Measures of passive maximal shoulder
extension (SE), flexion (SF), horizontal abduction (SHAB), abduction (SAB), horizontal
adduction (SHADD), external (SER) and internal (SIR) rotation ROMs were taken. SP was
prospectively monitored during the subsequent season using questionnaires. The data
was analyzed via a binary logistic regression and ROC curves were calculated. At the
follow-up, 16 swimmers (50%) had developed unilateral SP. Only reduced SHAB ROM
was associated with SP [SP group 36.6◦
vs. pain-free group 41.5◦
; p = 0.005, d = −0.96
(moderate effect sizes)]. Using the coordinates of the curves, the angle of SHAB ROM
that most accurately identified individuals at risk of developing SP was determined to be
39◦
(sensibility 0.656 and 0.375 specificity). Swimmers with limited ROM (≤39◦
) have 3.6
times higher risk of developing SP than swimmers with normal ROM (>39◦
). This study
clearly shows that low range of SHAB is a risk factor for developing SP in competitive
young swimmers. In the studied data, a SHAB range of 39◦ was found to be the most
appropriate cut-off point for prognostic screening.
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