Publication: Biomarker-based assessment of somatostatin-6 immunomodulation in gilthead Seabream: From serum proteins to skin mucus enzymes
Date
0022-10-20
Authors
Jose Carlos Campos Sánchez ; Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz ; Claudia Marín-Parra ; Francisco A. Guardiola ; María Ángeles Esteban
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Abstract
This study evaluated the immunomodulatory role of somatostatin-6 (SST6) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) using a validated inflammation model induced by λ-carrageenan and a comprehensive panel of serum and skin mucus biomarkers. SST6 was administered at 1 nM and 2 nM, and its effects were assessed in these matrices. The λ-carrageenan model triggered a local inflammatory response with reduced peroxidase, esterase, and protease activities in skin mucus, consistent with the resolution phase of innate immunity. SST6 at 1 nM enhanced serum complement activity without affecting acute-phase proteins, suggesting reinforcement of basal immune surveillance in the host. When combined with λ-carrageenan, SST6 promoted an increase in serum immunoglobulin levels and a selective shift in proteinogram fractions (α2-globulin), while further decreasing the oxidative and proteolytic activities in skin mucus. Correlation analysis revealed the coordinated regulation of key mucosal enzymes, reinforcing the functional integration of local immune responses. These results indicate that SST6 facilitates an early transition from innate to adaptive immunity while preserving the integrity of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, this study provides the first evidence of complement activation by SST6 in fish and highlights the value of integrating biomarker-based tools to monitor immunophysiological responses and test bioactive compounds in aquaculture research.
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