Biomarker-based assessment of somatostatin-6 immunomodulation in gilthead Seabream: From serum proteins to skin mucus enzymes

Jose Carlos Campos Sánchez; Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz; Claudia Marín-Parra; Francisco A. Guardiola; María Ángeles Esteban

Publication:
Biomarker-based assessment of somatostatin-6 immunomodulation in gilthead Seabream: From serum proteins to skin mucus enzymes

dc.contributor.author	Jose Carlos Campos Sánchez
dc.contributor.author	Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz
dc.contributor.author	Claudia Marín-Parra
dc.contributor.author	Francisco A. Guardiola
dc.contributor.author	María Ángeles Esteban
dc.contributor.department	Biología Celular e Histología
dc.date.accessioned	2025-10-23T08:50:12Z
dc.date.available	2025-10-23T08:50:12Z
dc.date.issued	0022-10-20
dc.description.abstract	This study evaluated the immunomodulatory role of somatostatin-6 (SST6) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) using a validated inflammation model induced by λ-carrageenan and a comprehensive panel of serum and skin mucus biomarkers. SST6 was administered at 1 nM and 2 nM, and its effects were assessed in these matrices. The λ-carrageenan model triggered a local inflammatory response with reduced peroxidase, esterase, and protease activities in skin mucus, consistent with the resolution phase of innate immunity. SST6 at 1 nM enhanced serum complement activity without affecting acute-phase proteins, suggesting reinforcement of basal immune surveillance in the host. When combined with λ-carrageenan, SST6 promoted an increase in serum immunoglobulin levels and a selective shift in proteinogram fractions (α2-globulin), while further decreasing the oxidative and proteolytic activities in skin mucus. Correlation analysis revealed the coordinated regulation of key mucosal enzymes, reinforcing the functional integration of local immune responses. These results indicate that SST6 facilitates an early transition from innate to adaptive immunity while preserving the integrity of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, this study provides the first evidence of complement activation by SST6 in fish and highlights the value of integrating biomarker-based tools to monitor immunophysiological responses and test bioactive compounds in aquaculture research.
dc.format	application/vnd.ms-excel
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10201/168529
dc.language	eng
dc.relation	JCCS held a postdoctoral contract within the Program for the Retraining of the Spanish University System Margarita Salas (R-1593/2022). Currently, hi has a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowship (JDC2023-052846-I), funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the FSE+. CER has a contract from the Ramón and Cajal Fellowship Programme from the Spanish government (RYC2023-045252-I), and C.M.P. has a PhD grant (PRE2021-098414). This work was financed by the project MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (grant number PID2020-113637RB-C21) and forms part of the ThinkInAzul programme supported by MCIN with funding from the European Union Next Generation EU (PRTR-C17. I1) and by the Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia-Fundación Séneca (Spain).
dc.rights	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International	*
dc.rights.accessRights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	*
dc.subject	Biomarkers
dc.subject	Inflammation
dc.subject	Neuroimmune axis
dc.subject	Carrageenan
dc.subject	Somatostatin 6
dc.subject	Proteinogram
dc.subject	Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
dc.subject.ods	Objetivo 2: Hambre y seguridad alimentaria
dc.subject.ods	Objetivo 6: Agua y saneamiento
dc.subject.ods	Objetivo 14: Océanos
dc.subject.ods	Objetivo 17: Alianzas
dc.title	Biomarker-based assessment of somatostatin-6 immunomodulation in gilthead Seabream: From serum proteins to skin mucus enzymes
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/dataset
dspace.entity.type	Publication	es