DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)"

Browsing by Subject "Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)"

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Open Access
Bioinformatic and gene expression analysis of the somatostatin/cortistatin gene family in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).
Campos Sánchez, José Carlos; Serna Duque, John Alberto; Guardiola Abellán, Francisco Antonio; Cuesta Peñafiel, Alberto; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
Open Access
Biomarker-based assessment of somatostatin-6 immunomodulation in gilthead Seabream: From serum proteins to skin mucus enzymes
(0022-10-20) Campos Sánchez, José Carlos; Espinosa Ruiz, Cristóbal; Marín Parra, Claudia; Guardiola Abellán, Francisco Antonio; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
This study evaluated the immunomodulatory role of somatostatin-6 (SST6) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) using a validated inflammation model induced by λ-carrageenan and a comprehensive panel of serum and skin mucus biomarkers. SST6 was administered at 1 nM and 2 nM, and its effects were assessed in these matrices. The λ-carrageenan model triggered a local inflammatory response with reduced peroxidase, esterase, and protease activities in skin mucus, consistent with the resolution phase of innate immunity. SST6 at 1 nM enhanced serum complement activity without affecting acute-phase proteins, suggesting reinforcement of basal immune surveillance in the host. When combined with λ-carrageenan, SST6 promoted an increase in serum immunoglobulin levels and a selective shift in proteinogram fractions (α2-globulin), while further decreasing the oxidative and proteolytic activities in skin mucus. Correlation analysis revealed the coordinated regulation of key mucosal enzymes, reinforcing the functional integration of local immune responses. These results indicate that SST6 facilitates an early transition from innate to adaptive immunity while preserving the integrity of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, this study provides the first evidence of complement activation by SST6 in fish and highlights the value of integrating biomarker-based tools to monitor immunophysiological responses and test bioactive compounds in aquaculture research.
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Data set of Novel hepcidin genes in Gilthead Seabream: implications for immune response and iron metabolism
(2025-04-24) García Navarro, Laura; Serna Duque, John Alberto; Cuesta Peñafiel, Alberto; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
Results of Synteny and phylogeny analysis of hamp2.0 and hamp2.15 in the class Actinopterygii, Bactericidal activity of HAMP2α or HAMP2Ω, Cytotoxicity activity of HAMP2α or HAMP2Ω. And a QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems).
Open Access
Dataset used for the article: "Temporal dynamics of inflammation in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) induced by λ-carrageenan, LPS, and Poly I:C: from behaviour to gene expression"
(2024-07-11) Campos Sánchez, José Carlos; Cabrera Álvarez, María José; Oliveira, Ana Rita; Duarte Oliveira, Gonçalo; Soares, Florbela; Saraiva , João L.; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Guardiola Abellán, Francisco Antonio; Biología Celular e Histología
Open Access
Effect of Light–Dark Cycle on Skin Mucosal Immune Activities of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) and European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
(MDPI, 2020-02-24) Ceballos Francisco, Diana; Cuesta Peñafiel, Alberto; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
Changes in different immune activities in the skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) specimens exposed to a constant light–dark photoperiod (12 h L:12 h D) were studied. Samples were collected at 08:00 (light on), 14:00, 20:00 (light off), 02:00, and again at 08:00 to determine immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, several enzymes related to the immune system, and bactericidal activity. IgM levels were higher during the day in seabream and reached a minimum value at 20:00, but it was hardly affected in sea bass. No significant variations were recorded in the levels of protease and antiprotease. Peroxidase reached its maximum level in seabream at 02:00, the same time that it reached its minimum level in sea bass. Lysozyme showed little variation in seabream, but it was significantly lower at 14:00 than during the rest of the cycle in sea bass. Finally, different interspecific variations on bactericidal activity against Vibrio harveyi were recorded. The findings demonstrate that the immune parameters present in skin mucus of these important fish species are affected by the light–dark cycle and that there are substantial interspecies differences.
Open Access
Effects of cantharidin on fish erythrocytes, tumour cell lines, and marine pathogenic bacteria
(2023-04) Campos Sánchez, José Carlos; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Guardiola Abellán, Francisco Antonio; Biología Celular e Histología
Cantharidin, a toxic monoterpene secreted by blister beetles, has long been used in traditional Chinese and modern medicine for its unique properties. However, despite its widespread use, its effects on fish have not been studied in depth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic applications of cantharidin in fish by examining its antioxidant, hemoagglutinating, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities at different concentrations (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg mL-1) in three different cell lines. In addition, the study explored the bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of cantharidin against various fish pathogenic bacteria. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in antioxidant, hemagglutinating or hemolytic activities between the different concentrations of cantharidin tested. However, the study found that cantharidin exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in sea bream (Sparus aurata) erythrocytes and in SAF-1, PLHC-1 and Hela cell lines, resulting in morphological changes indicative of apoptosis. Interestingly, the highest dose of cantharidin tested demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against four marine fish opportunistic bacteria, including Vibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae and Tenacibaculum maritimum, but no statistically significant changes in bacteriostatic activity were observed against any of the bacteria tested. Overall, these results provide valuable information on the potential therapeutic applications of cantharidin in fish aquaculture. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and to explore possible preventive uses of cantharidin in fish.
Open Access
In vitro effects of a natural marine algae polysaccharide (λ-carrageenin) on seabream erythrocytes, tumour cell lines and marine bacterial pathogens
Campos-Sánchez, José Carlos; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Guardiola Abellán, Francisco Antonio; Biología Celular e Histología
Carrageenin is a high molecular weight sulphated mucopolysaccharide used to induce experimental inflammation in mammals. In addition, it possesses a wide variety of properties that have not yet been studied in fish. This study evaluated the hemagglutinating, hemolytic, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities of λ-carrageenin. The results showed that λ-carrageenin has hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities on gilthead seabream erythrocytes, which were dose and time-dependent during the first 6 hours of incubation. No significant effects on the haemolytic activity of erythrocytes were observed after incubation for 12 or 24 h with λ-carrageenin. The PLHC-1 cell line showed significant increases in cytotoxic activity after 6 or 12 hours of incubation compared with control cells, and the highest doses of λ-carrageenin caused cytotoxicity in PLHC-1 cells after 24 h of incubation. The morphology of PLHC1 cells incubated with the highest doses of λ-carrageenin for 12 or 24 h showed obvious cell death changes compared with control cells. Interestingly, no significant variations in cytotoxic activity were observed in SAF-1 or HeLa cell lines after incubation with λ-carrageenin. λ-carrageenin showed significant dose-dependent bactericidal activity against Photobacterium damselae but had no significant effect on the bactericidal activity of Vibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum, and Tenacibaculum maritimum. The study suggests that λ-carrageenin has potential applications in aquaculture and aquatic pharmaceutical industries as a hemagglutinating, hemolytic, and antibacterial agent.
Open Access
In vitro immune-depression and anti-inflammatory activities of cantharidin on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) leucocytes activated by λ-carrageenan
Campos-Sánchez, Jose Carlos; Guardiola Abellán, Francisco Antonio; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
Cantharidin is a natural compound with known therapeutic applications in humans. However, its properties have hardly been studied in fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of cantharidin on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) head kidney leucocytes (HKL) stimulated with λ-carrageenan. Thus, HKLs were incubated for 24 h with cantharidin (0, 2.5 and 5 μg mL-1) and λ-carrageenan (0 and 1,000 μg mL-1) and cell viability and morphology, immunological parameters and several selected genes related to inflammation and apoptosis were evaluated. The results showed that cantharidin only decreased HKL viability when incubated with the highest dose (5 μg mL-1) and in combination with λ-carrageenan. As for the immunological parameters studied, cantharidin increased the peroxidase activity of HKLs only when incubated in combination with λ-carrageenan, but inhibited the respiratory burst and phagocytic activities even after being previously increased by λ-carrageenan. Furthermore, cantharidin induced morphological changes in HKLs with apoptotic and vacuolization signs that were enhanced when incubated in combination with λ-carrageenan. Considering the analysis of gene expression in HKLs, although λ-carrageenan up-regulated the expression of the proinflammatory gene il1b, cantharidin down-regulated its expression in HKLs exposed to both λ-carrageenan and cantharidin. In addition, cantharidin up-regulated casp3 and casp9 expression, which was down-regulated in HKLs incubated with both molecules. This combination also up-regulated casp1 expression. The present results provide detailed insight into the immune-depressive and anti-inflammatory properties of cantharidin on immune cells, which could be of interest to the aquaculture sector.
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Metabolomic profiling of the serological response to a hepcidin 1 injection in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
García Navarro, Laura; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Marín Parra, Claudia; Biología Celular e Histología
Datos obtenidos mediante HILIC y RP con ESI positiva y negativa.
Open Access
Report of "Host Defense Peptide Hepcidin 1 and Iron Overload Differentially Modulate Energy, Lipid, and Hepatic–Biliary Metabolic Pathways in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Blood"
(2025) García Navarro, Laura; Serna Duque, John Alberto; Marín Parra, Claudia; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Biología
Hepcidin 1 (HDP, antimicrobial and iron regulator peptide) and iron overload are relevant in aquaculture, but their in vivo physiological effects in healthy fish are poorly characterized. This study evaluated how intraperitoneal injections of hepcidin 1, iron (iron-dextran), and a sequential treatment (iron and hepcidin 1) modulate the blood metabolome of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at 10 days, due to their adaptive role in response to systemic changes. Multivariate analyses showed metabolomic alterations in all three situations, although weak at 10 days; in the iron→hepcidin 1 group, the separation in PCA was not significant (P=0.247), suggesting overlap or absence of unidirectional shift. In all three treatments, 15 chemical superclasses were conserved (predominance of lipids), indicating quantitative reorganization. There was an activation of energy metabolism coupled with immune response, involving lipids, fatty acids, acyl-CoA/acylcarnitines, and signals from one-carbon metabolism (folate/serine/methionine) connected to NAD(H)/NADP(H) and redox balance, although several associations lost robustness (non-significant FDR), consistent with a return to homeostasis. Hepcidin 1 was associated with increased adenosine, Lys-Glu-Leu tripeptide, dodecanoylcarnitine and phosphoethanolamines/phosphocholines (LysoPE/PE/LysoPC), along with a decrease in exogenous compounds (e.g., erythromycin C, harzianopyridone), suggesting modulation of the gut–microbiota–barrier axis or hepatic-biliary clearance. Iron overload induced reprogramming compatible with reactive oxygen species management (increase in catalposide and L-NIL/L-NILL-type metabolites), lipid remodeling (decrease in PC/PE/PS, cholesterol esters and triglycerides), and greater mitochondrial mobilization of fatty acids (increase in linoleylcarnitine), without clear markers of peroxidation, liver damage or inflammation; herbicides (bensulfuron/sulfometuron methyl) were also reduced. In the iron and hepcidin 1 group, metabolites pointed to three axes: β-oxidation/fatty acid transport, phospho-/sphingolipid remodeling, and hepatic-biliary involvement with possible microbiota alteration. In conclusion, hepcidin 1 and iron modulate energy and lipid metabolism in gilthead sea bream blood, providing biomarkers and a framework for interpreting immunometabolic adaptations in aquaculture, although targeted validation of annotations and higher temporal resolution are required.
Open Access
Research data for the article: Differential immunomodulatory effects of entinostat and N1,N8-dihydroxyoctanediamide on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) head-kidney leucocytes
(Elsevier, 2026) Ortiz García, María; Marín Parra, Claudia; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; María Ángeles Esteban Abad; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología; María Ángeles Esteban Abad; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Biología
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) govern epigenetic control of gene transcription and are increasingly recognised as key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity, making HDAC inhibitors (iHDACs) promising immunomodulatory tools. However, direct evidence of how iHDACs affect teleost leucocyte functions is scarce, particularly in marine aquaculture species. This study investigated, for the first time in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), the in vitro concentration- and time-dependent effects of two chemically distinct class I targeting iHDACs: entinostat (E; 0, 5, 10 nM) and N1,N8-dihydroxyoctanediamide (N1N8; 0, 2.5, 5 µM), on head-kidney leucocyte (HKLs) viability and core innate effector functions. HKLs viability remained high and unchanged after incubation with E or N1N8. Incubation of HKLs with E selectively increased phagocytic ability, with 5 nM producing a significantly higher proportion of phagocytic cells than the control and 10 nM, while phagocytic capacity was unaffected. Incubation of HKLs with N1N8 did not alter phagocytosis. Neither compound significantly modified the HKLs respiratory burst. However, HKLs degranulation was significantly enhanced only by 5 µM N1N8. Finally, ETs formation was significantly increased by both E and even more with N1N8, without clear dose dependence. These findings demonstrate non-cytotoxic, function-selective immunomodulation of seabream HKLs by iHDACs, with compound-specific signatures that support further mechanistic and in vivo evaluation for fish health applications, while considering potential inflammatory consequences of enhanced ETs responses.
Open Access
Research data for the article: Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields and their influence on growth, humoral Immunity, and metal concentrations in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
(Elsevier, 2026-01-27) Ortiz García, María; García Gamuz, José Antonio; Martínez López, Salvadora; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología; Facultad de Biología
The increasing presence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in marine environments, driven by human activities and climate change, poses a potential risk to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the physiological and immunological effects of ELF-EMF exposure on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a key species in Mediterranean aquaculture. Fish were exposed to ELF-EMF for one or three weeks, and their growth, serum immune parameters (peroxidase and lysozyme activities), and tissue chemical elements were compared with those of unexposed controls. No significant differences were observed in fish weight, length, or serum immune parameters between the exposed and control groups at any time point. However, a significant reduction in liver cadmium (Cd) levels was detected in fish exposed to ELF-EMF for three weeks, suggesting potential modulation of metal detoxification pathways. The concentrations of other elements, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), showed minor changes in various tissues. The levels of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) were altered in some tissues after one week of ELF-EMF exposure but generally returned to control levels after three weeks. These findings indicate that short-term ELF-EMF exposure does not significantly affect growth or innate immunity in gilthead seabream under the tested conditions. The observed alterations in tissue levels of toxic and trace elements, as well as macronutrients, indicate potential interactions between ELF-EMF, metal homeostasis, and detoxification mechanisms, necessitating further investigation. This study contributes to the understanding of the effects of anthropogenic ELF-EMF on marine organisms and highlights the need for continued research to assess the long-term ecological implications of increasing ELF-EMF levels in aquatic environments.
Open Access
Research data for the article: NAD⁺-Boosting Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Nicotinamide Riboside Enhance Innate Immune Effector Functions in Gilthead Seabream Head-Kidney Leucocytes
(2026-09-21) Ortiz García, María; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Biología
NAD+-boosting molecules are increasingly being explored as immunometabolic modulators; however, their direct effects on fish innate immune effector functions remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) head kidney leucocytes (HKLs) within a broader in vitro screening framework. HKLs were isolated and incubated with NMN (0.25–0.50 mM) or NR (0.38–0.75 mM) for up to 0–18 h after confirming the pH and osmolarity of the dilutions. Cell morphology was monitored using phase-contrast microscopy.[MO1.1] HKLs viability remained high (~89–93%), with only 0.75 mM NR causing a modest but significant reduction compared to the control (p<0.05). Leucocyte function was assessed sequentially as an integrated innate immunity readout. Both NMN and NR significantly increased phagocytic ability (from ~54% to ~62–71%; p<0.05) without significantly altering the phagocytic capacity. Respiratory burst increased with 0.25 mM NMN (p<0.05) and NR, most clearly at 0.75 mM (p<0.05). Peroxidase activity rose significantly only with NR at 0.75 mM (~0.50 vs. ~0.20 a.u.; p<0.05). Extracellular trap formation was consistently enhanced by both compounds at all tested concentrations (p<0.05). Overall, NMN and NR were well tolerated and potentiated complementary intracellular and extracellular antimicrobial mechanisms, primarily by increasing the fraction of functionally activated cells. Distinct dose sensitivities across endpoints suggest mechanistic compartmentalisation of immunometabolic control.
Open Access
Serum proteinogram of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) as a new useful approach for detecting loss of haemostasis
Campos-Sánchez, Jose Carlos; Guardiola Abellán, Francisco Antonio; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
Open Access
Use of carrageenan in the screening of natural anti-inflammatory molecules in fish: in vitro effects of Chiliadenus glutinosus extracts
Campos-Sánchez, Jose Carlos; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Guardiola Abellán, Francisco Antonio; Biología Celular e Histología
Carrageenan, a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide, has been used in the screening of anti-inflammatory molecules in mammals. In this sense, Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr., an endemic species of plant has been reported in the Spanish popular medicine due to their anti-inflammatory properties in humans. However, their properties have poorly been studied in fish. In this assay, different concentrations (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg mL-1) of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of this plant were elaborated, and the antioxidant, bactericidal (against four marine fish pathogen) and cytotoxic activity, as well as several immunological parameters in head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were evaluated in a first experiment to determinate the extract with the best properties. Our results showed a dose-dependent antioxidant activity of each plant extract increasing with the concentration, a species- and extract-specific bactericidal activity, as well as a cytotoxic activity against the PLHC1 tumour cell line by the ethanolic and methanolic extracts. However, taking into account the cytotoxic effects of these two extracts on HKLs and the strong immunosuppressive effects on the immunological parameters assayed (peroxidase, respiratory burst activity and phagocytic capacity), a second experiment was developed by using only adjusted doses of the aqueous extract (0, 0.25 and 0.5 mg mL-1), in which immune parameters, cell morphology and inflammatory-related genes were studied in HKLs stimulated with λ-carrageenan. The present results offer a detailed view of the biological effects of C. glutinosus extracts, which could be interesting to the aquaculture sector due to their possible anti-inflammatory effects.

Browsing by Subject "Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)"

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