Histology and histopathology Vol.10, nº 3 (1995)
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- PublicationOpen AccessPeripheral nerve injury and regeneration(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Terenghi, G.The process of nerve regeneration has been studied extensively by traditional morphological methods, but it is only recently that has been possible to identify more precisely the contribution of different nerve subpopulations. By studying different models of nerve repair and regeneration, it is becoming apparent that other tissue components are contributing to the overall process. When muscle grafting is carried out to repair an injured nerve, the regenerating axons are migrating in parallel with Schwann cells to bridge the nerve gap. The presence of Schwann cells is essential for a successful nerve regeneration, most probably because their production of different neuronal trophic factors. This pattern is also repeated when fibronectin mats are used for nerve repair, indicating the possibility to use this new synthetic matrix for clinical application. If the target organ is analysed after nerve repair, the recovery of all nerve components is evident. However, the process occurs at different times in separate s k i compartments, and the regeneration of the autonomic innervation appears to be preceded by that of the sensory nerves. When looking at cutaneous nerve regeneration following different type of injury, a common pattern of events becomes apparent. In skin flaps, nerve regeneration begins from the skin surrounding the wound edge, or from the pedicle, and sensory nerves are the first to penetrate into the flap. Angiogenesis precedes reinnervation of the flap, and initially regenerating fibres appear to be associated with newly formed blood vessels. This pattern is evident also in full-thickness wounds and in suction blisters, where only the more superficial cutaneous layer is disrupted. Furthermore, the presence of keratinocytes appears to exert a directional influence on both regenerating blood vessels and nerves, which follow the regenerating keratinocytes when reepidermalisation is taking place. These results would indicate that there is a close relationship between nerve fibres and blood vessels during regeneration, with a substantial contribution to the process from other tissue components and soluble factors from the surrounding environment.
- PublicationOpen Accessp53 in breast cancer. Its relation to histological grade, lymph-node status, hormone receptors, cell-proliferation fraction (ki-67) and c-erbB-2. Immunohistochemical study of 153 cases(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Sirvent, J.J.; Salvadó, M.T.; Santafe, M.; Martínez, S.; Brunet, J.; Alvaro, T.; Palacios, J.The mutation of the p53 gene is a common phenomenon in numerous human tumors, leading to the accumulation of nonfunctioning p53 protein in the cell nucleus, which can be detected by immunohistochemistry. In breast cancer, it has been suggested that the overexpression of p53 protein in the nucleus is an indicator of poor prognosis, which must be borne in mind in selecting coadjuvant treatment for each patient. This study is an immunohistochemical analysis of p53 expression in 153 cases of mammary carcinoma, correlating it with histological grade, axillary node status, hormone receptors, cell-proliferation fraction and expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein. Of al1 the breast-cancer tissue analyzed, 43.79% was positive for p53. The overexpression of this protein bears a direct statistically significant relationship to histological grade, cell-proliferation fraction and c-erbB- 2, and an inverse relationship to estrogen and progesterone receptors. No statistically significant relationship was found with axillary node status. The expression of p53 in poorly differentiated tumors-commonly receptor negative and with a high proliferation fraction-may indicate greater tumor agressiveness and a high risk of relapse.
- PublicationOpen Accesslmmunohistochemical study of p53 expression in cancer tissues from patients undergoing radiation therapy(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Hamada, N.; Ogawal, Y.; Seguchi, H.; Terashima, M.; Nishioka, A.; Inomata, T.; Yoshida, S.; Kishimoto, S.; Saito, H.Immunostaining using p53 monoclonal antibodies (p53(Ab-3) recognizes mutant type and p53(Ab-6) the wild type of p53 protein) was performed on frozen sections of biopsy specimens obtained before and during preoperative radiotherapy from 23 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The positive staining rates of p53(Ab-3) before radiotherapy and at radiation doses of 4Gy, lOGy and 20Gy were 30.0%, 38.9%, 25.0% and 6.25%, and those of p53(Ab- 6) 10,5%, 11.8%, 5.0% and 0% respectively. The relationship between the immunohistochemical findings and antitumor effect at radiation dose of 20Gy was examined on the correspondent haematoxylin-eosin sections. In patients whose p53(Ab-3) stainings were positive at any doses of radiotherapy, the antitumor effect at the cumulative dose of 20Gy was either remarkable or effective. Moreover, the frequency of the expression of mutant type p53 protein tended to increase in rather radiosensitive tumors. As for wild type p53 protein, there was no remarkable relationship between the staining of p53(Ab-6) and the antitumor effect.
- PublicationOpen AccessAnalysis of cell proliferation kinetics during the secondary palate development in quail(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Hehn, B.M.; Young, A.V.; Shah, R.M.A study was undertaken to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of mesenchymal cell proliferation in the developing palate of quail. Quail embyros were grown in shell-less culture. The developing palates were labelled with 3~-thymidine between culture days 2-6 (which corresponded in vivo incubation days 5-9), and processed for light microscopic autoradiography. Percent labelled mesenchymal cells were determined. The data showed that, as in mammals, a high rate of random cell proliferation in mesenchyme was a major component of early palate development in quail. As the palate morphogenesis advanced, the rate of cell proliferation declined. Segmental analysis, however, indicated that, in contrast to mammals, the mesenchymal cell proliferation rates continually changed in various regions of quail palate during morphogenesis. It was suggested that the spatio-temporal changes in the distribution of dividing cells may reflect differences in the timings of cell cycles between various segments, thus resulting in a heterogeneous population of cells in the developing palate of quail. Further, the differences in the segmental pattern of cell proliferation between birds and mammals may form the basis for differences in the morphogenesis of their palates.
- PublicationOpen AccessHyperplastic innervation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in human gallbladder with cholelithiasis(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Gonda, T.; Akiyoshi, H.; Ichihara, K.The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive nerve fibres in the gallbladder from 14 human patients with cholelithiasis was examined by immunohistochemical method. In the chronic cholecystitis, hyperplastic VIP immunoreactive nerves were observed around the hypertrophied muscle bundles, Rokitansky Aschoff Sinus and in the mucosal layer. However, in the acute cholecystitis and gangrenous cholecystitis, reduction or disappearance of VIP nerve fibres was observed. These reductions or disappearances of VIP immunoreactive nerves may secondly result from severe tissue damage. These results suggest that hyperplastic VIP nerves cause gallbladder relaxation, stasis and mucosal fluid unbalance, which may closely correlate to gallstone formation.