Histology and histopathology Vol.36, nº6 (2021)
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- PublicationOpen AccessHigh expression of USP18 is associated with the growth of colorectal carcinoma(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Zhang, Lin; Zhang, Ningning; Li, Xin; Wu, Wanxin; Zhang, Yanping; Wang, JingyuAim. To investigate whether USP18 can be used as a predictive marker for the diagnosis and development of colorectal cancer. Methods. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Dataset and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to select differential proteins for the ubiquitinspecific peptidases (USPs). The extensive target prediction and network analysis methods were used to assess the association with the USP18 interacting proteins, as well as the statistical correlation between USP18 and the clinical pathology parameters. The effects of USP18 on the proliferation of colorectal cancer were examined using CCK8. The effects of USP18 on the migration of colorectal cancer were examined using wound healing assays. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on the tissue microarray. Results. The results showed that the expression of USP18 was related to age (P=0.014). The positive rates of the USP18 protein in T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 0.00%, 22.92%, 78.38%, and 95.35%, respectively (P<0.00). The positive rates of the USP18 protein in I, II, III, and IV were 47.43%, 83.12%, 66.67%, and 100.00%, respectively (P<0.00). The Western blot assay showed that the expression of USP18 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in matched paracancerous tissues (P<0.05). The CCK8 experiments suggested that USP18 promoted the migration of CRC cells. Wound healing assays suggested that USP18 promoted the proliferation of CRC cells. Conclusion. This study showed that USP18 can promote the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC.
- PublicationOpen AccessExtracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells: A platform that can be engineered(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Qin, Bo; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Dan; Yu, Hai-yang; Luo, Ai-xiang; Suo, Liang-peng; Cai, Yan; Cai, De-yang; Luo, Jia; Huang, Ju-fang; Xiong, Kuny. Mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in tissue damage and repair. This role is mainly due to a paracrine mechanism, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important part of the paracrine function. EVs play a vital role in many aspects of cell homeostasis, physiology, and pathology, and EVs can be used as clinical biomarkers, vaccines, or drug delivery vehicles. A large number of studies have shown that EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) play an important role in the treatment of various diseases. However, the problems of low production, low retention rate, and poor targeting of MSC-EVs are obstacles to current clinical applications. The engineering transformation of MSC-EVs can make up for those shortcomings, thereby improving treatment efficiency. This review summarizes the latest research progress of MSC-EV direct and indirect engineering transformation from the aspects of improving MSC-EV retention rate, yield, targeting, and MSC-EV visualization research, and proposes some feasible MSC-EV engineering methods of transformation.
- PublicationOpen AccessIs there still a place for conventional histopathology in the age of molecular medicine? Laurén classification, inflammatory infiltration and other current topics in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Díaz del Arco, Cristina; Ortega Medina, Luis; Estrada Muñoz, Lourdes; García Gómez de las Heras, Soledad; Fernández Aceñero, Maria JesúsGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In western countries, more than half of GC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and 5- year survival rates range between 20-30%. The only curative treatment is surgery, and despite recent advances in oncological therapies, GC prognosis is still poor. The main prognostic tool for patient categorization and treatment selection is the TNM classification, but its limitations are being increasingly recognized. Early recurrences may occur in early-stage disease, and patients at the same stage show heterogeneous outcomes. Thus, there is a need to improve GC stratification and to identify new prognostic factors, which may allow us to select drug-susceptible populations, refine patient grouping for clinical trials and discover new therapeutic targets. Molecular classifications have been developed, but they have not been translated to the clinical practice. On the other hand, histological assessment is cheap and widely available, and it is still a mainstay in the era of molecular medicine. Furthermore, histological features are acquiring new roles as reflectors of the genotypephenotype correlation, and their potential impact on patient management is currently being analyzed. The aim of this literature review is to provide a modern overview of the histological assessment of GC. In this study, we discuss recent topics on the histological diagnosis of GC, focusing on the current role of Laurén classification and the potential value of new histological features in GC, such as inflammatory infiltration and tumor budding.
- PublicationOpen AccessPhotobiomodulation therapy increases collagen II after tendon experimental injury(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Akamatsu, Flávia Emi; Teodoro, Walcy Rosolia; Itezerote, Ana Maria; Ramos da Silveira, Lizandre Keren; Saleh, Samir; Real Martinez, Carlos Augusto; Lima Ribeiro, Marcelo; Aires Pereira, José; Hojaij, Flávio; Andrade, Mauro; Jacomo, Alfredo LuizA tendon is a mechanosensitive tissue that transmits muscle-derived forces to bones. Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has been used in therapeutic approaches in tendon lesions, but uncertainties regarding its mechanisms of action have prevented its widespread use. We investigated the response of PBM therapy in experimental lesions of the Achilles tendon in rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were surgically submitted to bilateral partial transverse section of the Achilles tendon. The right tendon was treated with PBM, whereas the left tendon served as a control. On the third postoperative day, the rats were divided into three experimental groups consisting of ten rats each, which were treated with PBM (Konf, Aculas - HB 750), 780 nm and 80 mW for 20 seconds, three times/week for 7, 14 and 28 days. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the therapeutic time period. The Sca-1 was examined by immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry, and COLA1, COLA2 and COLA3 gene expression was examined by qRT-PCR. COLA2 gene expression was higher in PBM treated tendons than in the control group. The histomorphometric analysis coincided with increased number of mesenchymal cells, characterized by Sca-1 expression in the lesion region (p<0.001). PBM effectively interferes in tendon tissue repair after injury by stimulating mesenchymal cell proliferation and the synthesis of collagen type II, which is suggested to provide structural support to the interstitial tissues during the healing process of the Achilles tendon. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of PBM in tendon healing.
- PublicationOpen AccessPericyte morphology and function(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Alarcon-Martinez, Luis; Yemisci, Muge; Dalkara, TurgayThe proper delivery of blood is essential for healthy neuronal function. The anatomical substrate for this precise mechanism is the neurovascular unit, which is formed by neurons, glial cells, endothelia, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. Based on their particular location on the vessel wall, morphology, and protein expression, pericytes have been proposed as cells capable of regulating capillary blood flow. Pericytes are located around the microvessels, wrapping them with their processes. Their morphology and protein expression substantially vary along the vascular tree. Their contractibility is mediated by a unique cytoskeleton organization formed by filaments of actin that allows pericyte deformability with the consequent mechanical force transferred to the extracellular matrix for changing the diameter. Pericyte ultrastructure is characterized by large mitochondria likely to provide energy to regulate intracellular calcium concentration and fuel contraction. Accordingly, pericytes with compromised energy show a sustained intracellular calcium increase that leads to persistent microvascular constriction. Pericyte morphology is highly plastic and adapted for varying contractile capability along the microvascular tree, making pericytes ideal cells to regulate the capillary blood flow in response to local neuronal activity. Besides the vascular regulation, pericytes also play a role in the maintenance of the blood-brain/retina barrier, neovascularization and angiogenesis, and leukocyte transmigration. Here, we review the morphological and functional features of the pericytes as well as potential specific markers for the study of pericytes in the brain and retina