Histology and histopathology Vol.22, nº 1 (2007)
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- PublicationOpen AccessHistochemical study of glycoconjugates in the toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus oesophagus epithelium(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Desantis, S.; Cirillo, F.; Deflorio, M.; Megalofonou, P.; Palazón, J.L.; Sarasquete, C.; De Metrio, G.The carbohydrate expression in the epithelium lining the oesophagus of the toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus was studied by means of conventional and lectin histochemistry. The stratified epithelium was constituted by basal cells, polymorphous cells in the intermediate layer, pyramidal and flattened cells in the outer layer and contained two types of large secretory cells: goblet cells and sacciform cells. PAS, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and pH 1.0 stained very strongly the goblet cells, weakly the surface of the other epithelial cells but did not stain the sacciform cells. The goblet cells cytoplasm contained oligosaccharides with terminal Galß1,3GalNAc, a/ßGalNAc, Galß1,4GlcNAc, aL-Fuc and internal ßGlcNAc residues (PNA, SBA, RCA120, UEA I, LTA and KOH-sialidase-WGA affinity). Galß1,4GlcNAc, aL-Fuc and internal ßGlcNAc were also found in the glycocalyx. The sacciform cells expressed sialyloligosaccharides terminating with Neu5Aca2,3Galß1,4GlcNac, Neu5Acß2,6Gal/GalNAc, Neu5AcForssman pentasaccharide (MAL II, SNA, KOH-sialidase-DBA staining) as well as asialoglycoconjugates with terminal/internal aMan (Con A affinity) and with terminal Galß1,3GalNAc, Forssman pentasaccharide, Galß1,4GlcNAc, GalNAc (HPA and SBA reactivity), aGal (GSA I-B4 reactivity), D-GlcNAc (GSA II labelling), aL-Fuc. The basal cells cytoplasm exhibited terminal/internal aMan and terminal Neu5Aca2,6Gal/GalNAc, Galß1,4GlcNAc, a/ßGalNAc, aGal, GlcNAc, aL-Fuc. Intermediate cells showed oligosaccharides with terminal/internal aMan and/or terminating with Neu5Aca2,6Gal/GalNAc, Galß1,4GlcNAc in the cytoplasm and with Neu5Aca2,3Galß1,4GlcNac, a/ßGalNAc, aGal, GlcNAc, aL-Fuc in the glycocalyx. The pyramidal cells expressed terminal/internal aMan and terminal Neu5Aca2,6Gal/GalNAc, a/ßGalß1,4NAc, aGal, aLFuc in the entire cytoplasm, terminal Neu5Aca2,3 Galß1,4GlcNac and Forssman pentasaccharide in the apical extension, internal ßGlcNAc and/or terminal aLFuc in the luminal surface, Neu5aca2,3Galß1,4GlcNac, Neu5Aca2,6Gal/GalNAc, Galß1,4GlcNAc, aGal in the basolateral surface. The flattened cells displayed glycans with terminal/internal aMan and terminal Neu5Aca2,6Gal/GalNAc, a/ßGalNAc, aGal, DGlcNAc in the entire cytoplasm, glycans terminating with Galß1,3GalNAc and/or internal ßGlcNAc in the sub-nuclear cytoplasm.
- PublicationOpen Access
- PublicationOpen AccessA review of FGF18: Its expression, signaling pathways and possible functions during embryogenesis and post-natal development(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Haque, T.; Nakada, S.; Hamdy, R.C.FGF18 is a novel growth factor first reported in 1998. Current evidence suggests that FGF18 may play a prominent role in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during skeletal development and growth. However, its function extends to many other biological processes. Although there remains much to be discovered and investigated on the functions and mechanisms of FGF18, it may play a role as a useful therapeutic target for various applications. The following review summarizes the current knowledge on FGF18 with special emphasis on its skeletal functions and highlights its potential areas for future research.
- PublicationOpen AccessAirway and lung parenchyma morphology during the respiratory cycle(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Escolar Castellón, J.de D.; Escolar, M.A.; Blasco, J.; Ros, L.H.Objective: Describe the morphological changes that take place in the lung parenchyma and in the airways during the respiratory cycle with a view to establishing a relationship between them. Subjects: Adult Wistar rats. Interventions: The lungs were fixed at seven different points in the respiratory cycle: Inflation, 10 and 20 cm. transpulmonary pressure, total lung capacity. Deflation, 20, 15, 10 and 0 cm transpulmonary pressure. Measurements: The lungs were processed for morphometric study and bronchial and parenchymal variables, such as lung volume, number of alveoli, anatomic dead space, bronchial lumen surface and bronchial wall surface were quantified. The results were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney’s U tests. Results: The lung volume, the number of alveoli and the anatomic dead space increased with the increase of the transpulmonary pressure and decreased with the decrease of it, the obtained values in deflation being higher than those in inflation (p<0.05). The bronchial lumen and the bronchial wall surfaces generally showed higher values in inflation than in deflation (p<0.05). Conclusions: The anatomic dead space was altered as a consequence of the variations in airway diameter and length. Lung parenchyma tension may have been of influence in the variations of the bronchial wall
- PublicationOpen AccessDevelopment of the mouse mandibles and clavicles in the absence of skeletal myogenesis(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Rot-Nikcevic, I.; Downing, K.J.; Hall, B.K.; Kablar, B.In this report we employed double-knock-out mouse embryos and fetuses (designated as Myf5-/-: MyoD-/- that completely lacked striated musculature to study bone development in the absence of mechanical stimuli from the musculature and to distinguish between the effects that static loading and weight-bearing exhibit on embryonic development of skeletal system. We concentrated on development of the mandibles (= dentary) and clavicles because their formation is characterized by intramembranous and endochondral ossification via formation of secondary cartilage that is dependent on mechanical stimuli from the adjacent musculature. We employed morphometry and morphology at different embryonic stages and compared bone development in double-mutant and control embryos and fetuses. Our findings can be summarized as follows: a) the examined mutant bones had significantly altered shape and size that we described morphometrically, b) the effects of muscle absence varied depending on the bone (clavicles being more dependent than mandibles) and even within the same bone (e.g., the mandible), and c) we further supported the notion that, from the evolutionary point of view, mammalian clavicles arise under different influences from those that initiate the furcula (wishbone) in birds. Together, our data show that the development of secondary cartilage, and in turn the development of the final shape and size of the bones, is strongly influenced by mechanical cues from the skeletal musculature.
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