Anales de psicología Vol. 41, Nº 3 (2025)

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https://hdl.handle.net/10201/158106

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Now showing 1 - 12 of 12

Open Access
Introduction to the monographic theme: Contributions of psychology to judicial issues
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, oct-2025) Vilariño, Manuel; Sin departamento asociado
Psychology and justice interact to such an extent that a sub-discipline has emerged in Psychology, focus-ing on its contributions and applications to justice, rights, and the law. In Latin-based languages, this subdiscipline is known as "Juridical Psychology" (Psicología Jurídica). In English-language literature, it is re-ferred to by various names and generally has a narrower scope, due to the lack of a direct equivalent for the term jurídica. The interaction between psychology and the law occurs on three distinct levels: Psy-chology of Law (Psicología del Derecho); Psychology in Law (Psicología en el Derecho); and Psychology for Law (Psicología para el Derecho). Psychology of Law aims to advise the legislator in the creation of laws, given that laws regulate human behavior. Psychology in Law aims to transfer scientific knowledge regarding the psychological factors involved in legal statutes and norms. Finally, in Psychology for Law, psycholo-gy serves an ancillary role to the law, such as in forensic psychology. All these levels share the common feature of contributing knowledge and techniques that must be based on scientific evidence, in accord-ance with legal and case law criteria. This monograph provides evidence for several applications within this framework: the assessment of suggestibility in the testimony of child witnesses; the validation of a technique for assessing temporary occupational disability due to psychological causes (Psychology for Law: forensic task); the validation of a technique for assessing self-deception in child custody disputes (Psychology for Law: forensic task); the validation of an instrument to measure the mental health needs of minors under therapeutic judicial measures (Psychology for Law: forensic task); and the characteristics of perpetrators and victims of cyber-control (Psychology of Law: counselling to lawmaker).
Open Access
Malingering of disabling mental illness to obtain a temporary work disability benefit: detection and morphology
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Amado, Bárbara G.; Vilariño, Manuel; Mainar, Magdalena; Ágreda, Irene; Sin departamento asociado
Background/Objective: In psychological assessments where the re-sults may lead to obtaining some benefit or gain, malingering should be suspected. This is the case for temporary work disability due to psycholog-ical causes, for which high prevalence of malingering have been estimated. Therefore, a study was designed to examine the utility of the SCL-90-R in detecting malingered psychopathology motivated by the external incentive of obtaining a temporary work disability. Method: A total of 182 partici-pants completed the SCL-90-R in a simulation design, under two condi-tions: responding under standard instructions and under instructions for malingering of psychological cause to obtain a temporary work disability. Results: The results revealed that the working population is almost entirely capable of malingering both clinical symptoms and mental disorders with sufficient severity to obtain a temporary work disability (secondary gain). They employed two strategies: indiscriminant symptom endorsement (ma-lingering impairment across all clinical dimensions, even greater than the psychiatric population) and symptom severity (malinger an extreme intensi-ty, even greater than the psychiatric population). Finally, it was found that the gender factor does not play a significant role in malingering. Conclusions: The implications of the results for forensic assessments are discussed.
Open Access
Therapeutic approach with virtual reality in the phobia of flying: a case study
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Valdés-Díaz, María; Guillot-Valdés, María; Sin departamento asociado
Flight phobia is an anxiety disorder whose main symptoms are intense and irrational fears, exposure to which causes high levels of anxiety and consequent avoidance of flying. Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of specific phobias, as patients can confront their fears in a controlled and repetitive manner in a virtual environment, allowing them to learn coping strategies and reduce associated discomfort. The aim of this study is to reduce the anxiety, worry and fear associated with flying through the use of virtual reality. The following is a case study of a 23-year-old woman with a phobia of flying since adolescence. Anxiety occurs during the flight and rarely in the days before. ABA design (pre-treatment-post-test). A semi-structured interview and the STAI, PSQW, EMV and EPAV questionnaires were used to establish baseline, with high scores for trait and state anxiety, worry and fear of flying. An intervention of 8 one-hour sessions was planned, with gradual exposure to virtual reality prior to live exposure. The patient showed a clinically meaningful reduc-tion in her negative emotions associated with flying and was able to fly. VR may be an effective tool in clinical practice for graded exposure in the treatment of fear of flying.
Open Access
Psychometric properties of the Technology Device Interference Scale (TDIS) and Technology Interference in Life Examples Scale (TILES) in Spanish-speaking couples’ Relationships
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Berzosa-Grande, Pilar; Caba-Machado, Vanessa; Mestre-Bach, Gemma; Testa, Giulia Testa; García-Castrillón, Frank; Rivas-Díez, Raquel; Fernández-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos; González-Fraile, Eduardo; Sin departamento asociado
Background: Technoference is the disruptions caused by techno-logical devices during personal interactions. Although this phenomenon is widespread, there is a lack of validated tools in Spanish. The Technology Device Interference Scale (TDIS) and the Technology Interference in Life Examples Scale (TILES) assess technoference in couples’ relationships. Methods: An observational study to evaluate their psychometric properties. 997 Spanish adults in long-term relationships completed both scales (TDIS, TILES) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Results: TDIS and TILES showed satisfactory internal consistency (α = .73 to .91). Their uni-dimensional structure was confirmed, with invariance analyses supporting use across sex and age for TILES, and partial scalar invariance for TDIS. The TDIS analysis revealed significant differences regarding the age and gender of participants; however, in the case of TILES, these differences were confined to age only. Percentiles of the total score were calculated. Higher levels of technoference were associated with a lower relationship quality. Conclusions: TDIS and TILES are valid and reliable instruments that can effectively measure the impact of technoference on couple relation-ships in Spanish-speaking populations.
Open Access
Meta-analytic review of the effects of suggestion on children’s memory: Implications for testimony
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Villarquide, María; Cea, Blanca; Montes, Álvaro; Seijo, Dolores; Sin departamento asociado
Background/Objective: The implantation of misleading information in memory is a highly relevant topic due to its implications for the evalua-tion of witness memory. Suggestion has been the most studied means of implantation. Therefore, a meta-analytical study was designed to estimate the effect size of suggestion in the implantation of misleading information in testimonies and memories, and the moderators of such effect. Method: A total of 17 studies designed to evaluate the implantation of suggested memories or the mere acceptance of misleading information were selected. Bare-bones meta-analyses of experiments were performed. Results: The re-sults showed a significantly positive, generalizable across studies, and more than large overall mean effect size (d = 1.68 95% CI [1.47, 1.89]) for the implantation of misleading information due to suggestion. When convert-ed to probabilities, the estimated likelihood of implanting any externally suggested information was 31.3%. Likewise, the results evidenced a signifi-cant, positive, generalizable among studies, and more than large average ef-fect size for the moderators: degree of suggestion (d = 1.60, 95% CI [1.47, 1.89]), likelihood of suggestion (d = 1.68, 95% CI [1.48, 1.88]), direct par-ticipation in the event (d = 1.31, 95%CI [1.13, 1.49]), indirect participation in the event (d = 2.00, 95% CI [1.77, 2.23]), suggestion through the indi-vidual differences paradigm (d = 1.44, 95% CI [1.23, 1.65]), and suggestion through the misinformation paradigm (d = 2.03, 95% CI[1.82, 2.24]). Con-clusions: The implications of the results for the evaluation of the reliability of child testimony are discussed.
Open Access
Influence of anger on the evaluation of emotional congruence between scenes and facial expressions
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Gordillo León, Fernando; Pérez Nieto, Miguel Ángel; Sin departamento asociado
Individuals with high levels of anger exhibit difficulties in execu-tive attention and in inhibiting dominant responses and/or activating sub-dominant ones, which may influence their appraisal of emotional congru-ence. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between anger levels as-sociated with aggression and the evaluation of emotional congruence be-tween scenes and facial expressions. The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was used to select emotional scenes (Positive, Violent, Re-pulsive, Neutral), and the NimStim Face Stimulus Set was used to select emotional facial expressions (happiness, anger, fear, disgust, neutral). Addi-tionally, the Buss and Perry (1992) Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess anger levels (lower, middle, upper). Participants with higher anger levels (compared to those with lower levels) showed longer response times when rating emotional congruence between scenes and facial expressions. The effect size was large, with stronger effects for negative congruence (r > .50) than for positive congruence (r = .33). These findings may be ex-plained by difficulties in attentional control among participants with higher anger levels, particularly when processing negative information.
Open Access
Evidence of the reliability and validity of the MAYSI-2 in a Spanish sample of minors serving therapeutic judicial measures
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Pugliese, Antonella; Hess-Medler, Stephany; Martín, Ana M.; Sin departamento asociado
The Spanish juvenile justice system provides for the assignment of therapeutic internment and outpatient treatment measures for cases with mental health needs. The purpose of this study is to provide evidenc-es of the internal consistency and validity of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument, second version (MAYSI-2). This is a screening in-strument for mental health needs designed for juvenile offenders and translated into several languages, including Spanish. The sample consisted of 126 Spanish adolescents, mostly male, between 15 and 21 years old, who were serving therapeutic judicial measures. In addition to the Spanish translation of the MAYSI-2, the Spanish adaptations of the MACI and the YLS/CMI were applied. The results obtained support the use of the MAYSI-2 translation in the Spanish juvenile justice system, since the origi-nal seven-factor structure is replicated in the sample under study. Evidence was also found of convergent validity, regarding the conceptually related scales of the MACI, and of divergent validity for the risk factors of the YLS/CMI. Finally, evidence of discriminant validity was obtained regard-ing the type of judicial therapeutic measure, the existence of a psycho-pathological diagnosis and the risk of recidivism.
Open Access
Characteristics and Correlates of Cyber-control in Spanish Cases of Gender-Based Violence
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Niehaus, Kory; Fontao, María Isabel; Garrido Antón, María José; Quevedo-Blasco, Raúl; Sin departamento asociado
This explorative study aimed to identify the psychosocial charac-teristics of the perpetrator and the victim, as well as the relationship dy-namics and different forms of control and violence associated with cyber-control. Analyses were conducted retrospectively on a dataset of N = 368 cases of fatal and non-fatal gender-based violence, collected by the Nation-al Team for In-Depth Homicide Review of Gender Violence between 2006 and 2021 in Spain. Mean comparison procedures were performed be-tween cases with and without cyber-control, as well as binomial logistic re-gression analyses, to identify correlative and predictive associations. Cyber-controlled relationships were characterized by an insecure-anxious attach-ment style of the perpetrator, a lower age of both partners, isolation, jeal-ousy, and a shorter relationship duration. No predictive associations could be confirmed. Cyber-control co-occurred with several violent and control-ling behaviors. Due to this co-occurrence, cyber-control should be consid-ered an alarm signal for other forms of gender-based violence. The corre-lates identified could be a starting point for possible interventions.
Open Access
Generativity and quality of life in rural educators: a scoping review of the evidence in comparison with work and altruistic contexts
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Gómez Domínguez, Cristian Enrique; Laborín-Álvarez, Jesús Francisco; Cáñez Cota, León Alejandro; Sin departamento asociado
Background: Generativity—the concern for guiding future genera-tions and contributing to societal well-being—serves as an indicator of qual-ity of life in various social contexts. This is especially pertinent among rural educators who may face limited organizational resources but benefit from community support. Method: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this scop-ing review utilized databases like Scopus and Science Direct to explore the impact of generativity on rural educators' objective and subjective quality of life, comparing findings with other work and altruistic contexts. Nine-teen studies published in English between 2013 and 2023 were included. Results: In both work and altruistic settings, generativity positively correlates with life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being. Specifi-cally, in rural educational environments where teachers face unique chal-lenges yet develop strong community bonds and high subjective well-being, generativity is linked to personal satisfaction, resilience, community en-gagement, and cultural practices. Conclusions: The review underscores the im-portance of generativity in enhancing quality of life across societal activi-ties, particularly among rural educators who influence educational out-comes and bolster community resilience. These findings suggest that fos-tering generativity through targeted professional development and com-munity engagement programs could improve educators' well-being and ef-fectiveness, especially in resource-limited rural settings.
Open Access
Adaptation of the State Desperation Scale: Its Association with Intolerance of Uncertainty, Entrapment and Resilience
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Akyıl, Yusuf; Oral, Tuncay; Erdinç, Beste; Sin departamento asociado
Desperation is a significant conceptual framework that eluci-dates individuals' profound sense of despair and their impetus to engage in immediate action in response to it. The present investigation comprises three studies aimed at translating the State Desperation Scale into the Turkish language. The 9-item State Desperation Scale was validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Study I, which involved a sample size of 530 participants. The analysis of measurement invariance revealed a lack of structural and metric invariance observed among different gender groups. The analysis of item responses indicated that all items exhibited significant differentiation. The State Desperation Scale demonstrated a high level of reliability, as evidenced by the reliability coefficients of Cronbach's α, McDonald's β, and Guttmann's κ6. In the second study, a sample size of 505 participants was used to conduct both correlation and network analy-sis. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between desperation and the big five personality traits, as well as depression, anxiety, and stress. Study III employed correlation analysis and structural equation modeling to examine the mediating influence of intolerance of uncertainty and en-trapment on the relationship between desperation and psychological resili-ence. The sample size for this study was 443 participants. Psychological re-silience is predicted by state desperation, with entrapment and intolerance of uncertainty playing a mediating role. The study findings indicate that the Turkish adaptation of the State Desperation Scale exhibits robust psycho-metric properties.
Open Access
Effectiveness of a mindfulness Intervention program on different indicators of stress and anxiety in primary school students aged 9 to 12 years
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Pérez Segoviano, Luz Elvira; Aguilar-Zavala, Herlinda; Hidalgo, Vanesa; Villada, Carolina; Sin departamento asociado
Introduction: Late childhood or preadolescence is an important period of development in which high levels of anxiety and stress can occur due to physical and psychological changes; the efficacy of interventions such as mindfulness in reducing stress and anxiety at these ages has been under-examined. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mind-fulness intervention program on different indicators of stress and anxiety in primary school students aged 9 to 12 years belonging to a public primary school. Method: through a longitudinal and quasi-experimental study, 125 children were evaluated in anxiety (STAIC), Stress (IIEC), emotional va-lence, arousal, perceived self-control (SAM), and salivary cortisol, before, during, and after the intervention (14 sessions in 5 weeks, three sessions a week, 40 minutes/session). The child population was made up of sixty-three children who participated in an intervention group, and sixty-two children were enrolled in the control group (waist list). Results: After the in-tervention, a noteworthy decrease in the levels of perceived stress at school, arousal, and cortisol in saliva was observed. Conclusions: Mindful-ness appears to be an appropriate tool for reducing perceived stress, par-ticularly in the school setting, as it reduces perceived arousal and lowers cortisol levels after one month of intervention.
Open Access
Self-deception in forensic self-reports: Detection, effects and testing the model
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-10) Arce, Ramón; Fariña, Francisca; Sanmarco, Jéssica; Novo, Mercedes; Sin departamento asociado
Background/aims: Dissimulation, understood as a positive self-presentation in self-reports, is suspected in child custody dispute forensic evaluations. Dissimulation is displayed through two-manifestations: con-cealment of negative qualities (denial of symptoms) and claiming non-existent positive qualities or exaggerating existing ones (social desirability). Moreover, the nature of dissimulation may be conscious (impression man-agement) or unconscious (self-deception). Nevertheless, the effects of self-deception in self-reports of parents involved child custody forensic dis-putes are unknown. Thus, a field study was designed with the aim of de-termining the efficacy of self-deception measures, the effects of dissimula-tion on self-reported mental health markers, and to test the purportedly unconscious nature of self-deception. Method: 223 parents involved in court-mandated child custody proceedings endorsed the MMPI-2 and 100 parents from intact families under standard instructions. The K, S, Esd and PMH4 measures of self-deception, the standard clinical scales and the ob-vious and subtle subscales were scored. Results: The results exhibited signif-icant higher scores, consistent with dissimulation, were observed in the population suspected of dissimulation (child custody litigants) in K, S, and Esd scales; and a significant association between dissimulation classification and dissimulation suspected population. In relation to the effects of dis-simulation, the results showed that the suspected population of dissimula-tion reported significantly fewer clinical symptoms (denial of symptoms) and more positive qualities related to being granted child custody (social desirability). Finally, the results suggested that the underlying process of self-deception is not unconscious for the individual exercising conscious control over his/her biased responses. Discussion: The implications of the results for forensic psychology evaluation of child custody dispute cases and the two-component model for dissimulation are discussed.

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