Publication: The Early Appearance of Asthma and Its Relationship with Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review
Authors
Clara Suárez-Martínez ; Marina Santaella-Pascual ; Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao ; Luis García-Marcos ; Gaspar Ros ; Carmen Martínez-Graciá
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Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
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Publisher
MDPI
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071471
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Asthma is, worldwide, the most frequent non-communicable disease affecting both children
and adults, with high morbidity and relatively low mortality, compared to other chronic diseases. In
recent decades, the prevalence of asthma has increased in the pediatric population, and, in general,
the risk of developing asthma and asthma-like symptoms is higher in children during the first years of
life. The “gut–lung axis” concept explains how the gut microbiota influences lung immune function,
acting both directly, by stimulating the innate immune system, and indirectly, through the metabolites
it generates. Thus, the process of intestinal microbial colonization of the newborn is crucial for
his/her future health, and the alterations that might generate dysbiosis during the first 100 days of
life are most influential in promoting hypersensitivity diseases. That is why this period is termed the
“critical window”. This paper reviews the published evidence on the numerous factors that can act
by modifying the profile of the intestinal microbiota of the infant, thereby promoting or inhibiting the
risk of asthma later in life. The following factors are specifically addressed in depth here: diet during
pregnancy, maternal adherence to a Mediterranean diet, mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics,
and type of infant feeding during the first three months of life.
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Citation
Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1471
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