Publication: El afrontamiento de la ansiedad en las drogodependencias
Authors
Cano Vindel, Antonio ; Miguel-Tobal, Juan José ; Iruarrizaga, Itziar ; González, Héctor
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Publisher
Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
En este trabajo se defiende una concepción cognitiva (valoración y afrontamiento), interactiva (persona por situación) y multidimensional (triple sistema de respuesta) de la ansiedad, el estrés y las emociones, según la cual, la ansiedad se entiende como una emoción negativa o desagradable, caracterizada por malestar subjetivo, alta activación fisiológica, e inquietud motora; a su vez, la ansiedad está ligada a diferencias individuales en ciertas áreas situacionales (rasgos específicos), y surge porque el sujeto percibe que una determinada situación representa una amenaza para él (valoración de la situación), sin que pueda remediarlo por escasez de recursos (afrontamiento). En algunas personas, determinadas conductas consumatorias tales como comer, beber bebidas alcohólicas, fumar, tomar tranquilizantes u otras sustancias, etc., pueden disminuir el malestar y reducir la activación fisiológica, producidos por la ansiedad. Sin embargo, estos consumos
pueden hacerse cada vez más necesarios para aliviar los síntomas de ansiedad, o incluso para evitar el síndrome de abstinencia, un cuadro clínico con intensas respuestas de ansiedad. La posibilidad de no poder seguir consumiendo se interpretaría como una amenaza que produce más ansiedad afrontada mediante el consumo. En relación al tratamiento de los problemas de adicción se han encontrado interacciones significativas entre el tipo de tratamiento y de paciente. Una de las variables a evaluar para poder diseñar tratamientos más eficaces concordantes con las características del paciente es la
ansiedad.
In this paper, a cognitive (appraisal and coping), interactive (person x situation interaction) and multidimensional (three response systems) perspective of anxiety, stress and emotions is presented. According to it, anxiety is conceptualized as a negative or unpleasant emotion characterized by subjective distress, high physiological activation, unadapted motor responses; at the same time, anxiety is linked to individual differ-ences in certain situational areas (specific traits). Anxi-ety reactions appear due to subject perceives that a cer-tain situation seems threating (situation's appraisal), with no apparent solution due to a lack of resources (coping abilities). For somebody, certain consummatory behaviors such as eating, alcohol consumption, smok-ing, or drug abuse could relieve distress symptoms or reduce physiological activation producing by anxiety. However, such consumption behaviors could become more and more necessary in order to alleviate anxiety symptoms or avoiding the withdrawal, which is a clini-cal syndrome including intense anxiety manifestations. The possibility to stop the consumption is interpreted as a threatening situation which provokes more anxiety; the only coping response available is to maintain con-sumption. Regarding addiction treatments, there are significant interactions between type of treatment x type of patient. Anxiety is on of the variables evaluated in order to design more effective treatments matched with the characteristics of the patient
In this paper, a cognitive (appraisal and coping), interactive (person x situation interaction) and multidimensional (three response systems) perspective of anxiety, stress and emotions is presented. According to it, anxiety is conceptualized as a negative or unpleasant emotion characterized by subjective distress, high physiological activation, unadapted motor responses; at the same time, anxiety is linked to individual differ-ences in certain situational areas (specific traits). Anxi-ety reactions appear due to subject perceives that a cer-tain situation seems threating (situation's appraisal), with no apparent solution due to a lack of resources (coping abilities). For somebody, certain consummatory behaviors such as eating, alcohol consumption, smok-ing, or drug abuse could relieve distress symptoms or reduce physiological activation producing by anxiety. However, such consumption behaviors could become more and more necessary in order to alleviate anxiety symptoms or avoiding the withdrawal, which is a clini-cal syndrome including intense anxiety manifestations. The possibility to stop the consumption is interpreted as a threatening situation which provokes more anxiety; the only coping response available is to maintain con-sumption. Regarding addiction treatments, there are significant interactions between type of treatment x type of patient. Anxiety is on of the variables evaluated in order to design more effective treatments matched with the characteristics of the patient
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