Publication: Percepción del rendimiento y aspectos psicológicos en futbolistas juveniles
Authors
Valero Giménez, Santos
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Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
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Díaz Suárez, Arturo
Publisher
Universidad de Murcia
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Description
Abstract
El estudio analiza la influencia de variables psicológicas clave -ansiedadcompetitiva, resiliencia, optimismo, engagement y estrés percibido- en el rendimientoy bienestar de futbolistas juveniles de élite pertenecientes a la División de Honorespañola. La investigación parte de un enfoque multidimensional de la psicología deldeporte, reconociendo que el rendimiento no depende únicamente de las capacidadesfísicas y técnicas, sino también de factores emocionales, motivacionales y contextuales.A nivel teórico, se revisan los principales constructos implicados: la ansiedadcomo variable ambivalente que puede facilitar o deteriorar el rendimiento según sugestión; la resiliencia como recurso adaptativo frente a la adversidad; el optimismo comofactor protector y modulador del esfuerzo sostenido; el engagement como estadomotivacional positivo que potencia el compromiso deportivo; y el estrés percibido comoevaluación subjetiva que puede ser interpretada como amenaza o como reto.Asimismo, se abordan los factores sociales y contextuales, destacando el rol delentrenador como agente psicosocial, la cohesión y dinámica grupal del equipo, y lainfluencia de la familia y el entorno competitivo. Estos elementos se configuran comomoduladores que pueden favorecer la motivación y la resiliencia, o bien incrementar laansiedad y el riesgo de abandono.La investigación se llevó a cabo con 333 futbolistas juveniles distribuidos porposición (porteros, defensas, centrocampistas y delanteros). Se aplicaron instrumentospsicométricos validados: CD-RISC 10 para resiliencia, SAS-2 para ansiedad, LOT-R paraoptimismo, UWES para engagement y PSS para estrés percibido. Los análisis incluyeroncorrelaciones de Pearson y ANOVA de un factor con pruebas post hoc de Bonferroni paraidentificar diferencias significativas entre posiciones.Los resultados confirman la interrelación entre las variables psicológicas yevidencian diferencias según el puesto en el campo: los porteros destacan por mayorcontrol emocional, los defensas por resiliencia, los centrocampistas por engagement y losdelanteros por autoconfianza y optimismo. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad dediseñar programas de intervención psicológica individualizados, adaptados al perfil y roldel jugador, con el fin de optimizar el rendimiento, prevenir el burnout y favorecertrayectorias deportivas sostenibles.En conclusión, la integración de la psicología del deporte en el fútbol juvenilresulta esencial para potenciar el rendimiento, garantizar el bienestar psicológico yprevenir el abandono deportivo. El estudio aporta evidencia empírica que respalda laimplementación de estrategias de entrenamiento mental diferenciadas por posición,destacando el papel de la resiliencia y el optimismo como factores protectores y delengagement como motor de implicación y compromiso.
This study analyzes the influence of key psychological variables-competitiveanxiety, resilience, optimism, engagement, and perceived stress-on the performance andwell-being of elite youth soccer players competing in Spain's División de Honor. Theresearch adopts a multidimensional approach to sport psychology, acknowledging thatperformance depends not only on physical and technical abilities but also on emotional,motivational, and contextual factors.The theoretical framework reviews the main constructs involved: anxiety as anambivalent variable that can either enhance or impair performance depending on itsmanagement; resilience as an adaptive resource for overcoming adversity; optimism as aprotective factor and effort modulator; engagement as a positive motivational state thatstrengthens athletic commitment; and perceived stress as a subjective evaluation that canbe interpreted as either a threat or a challenge.Social and contextual factors are also addressed, with particular emphasis on thecoach's role as a psychosocial agent, team cohesion and group dynamics, and theinfluence of family and the competitive environment. These elements act as modulatorsthat can foster motivation and resilience, or conversely, increase anxiety and the risk ofdropout.The study was conducted with 333 youth soccer players, categorized by position(goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards). Validated psychometric instrumentswere applied: CD-RISC 10 for resilience, SAS-2 for anxiety, LOT-R for optimism,UWES for engagement, and PSS for perceived stress. Statistical analyses includedPearson's correlations and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests to identifysignificant differences across positions.Results confirmed the interrelationship among psychological variables andrevealed position-specific differences: goalkeepers demonstrated greater emotionalcontrol, defenders higher resilience, midfielders greater engagement, and forwards higherself-confidence and optimism. These findings highlight the need to design individualizedpsychological interventions tailored to each player's profile and role, aiming to optimizeperformance, prevent burnout, and support sustainable athletic careers.In conclusion, integrating sport psychology into youth soccer is essential toenhance performance, safeguard psychological well-being, and prevent early dropout.The study provides empirical evidence supporting the implementation of position-specific mental training strategies, underscoring the protective role of resilience andoptimism, and the central function of engagement as a driver of commitment andinvolvement
This study analyzes the influence of key psychological variables-competitiveanxiety, resilience, optimism, engagement, and perceived stress-on the performance andwell-being of elite youth soccer players competing in Spain's División de Honor. Theresearch adopts a multidimensional approach to sport psychology, acknowledging thatperformance depends not only on physical and technical abilities but also on emotional,motivational, and contextual factors.The theoretical framework reviews the main constructs involved: anxiety as anambivalent variable that can either enhance or impair performance depending on itsmanagement; resilience as an adaptive resource for overcoming adversity; optimism as aprotective factor and effort modulator; engagement as a positive motivational state thatstrengthens athletic commitment; and perceived stress as a subjective evaluation that canbe interpreted as either a threat or a challenge.Social and contextual factors are also addressed, with particular emphasis on thecoach's role as a psychosocial agent, team cohesion and group dynamics, and theinfluence of family and the competitive environment. These elements act as modulatorsthat can foster motivation and resilience, or conversely, increase anxiety and the risk ofdropout.The study was conducted with 333 youth soccer players, categorized by position(goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards). Validated psychometric instrumentswere applied: CD-RISC 10 for resilience, SAS-2 for anxiety, LOT-R for optimism,UWES for engagement, and PSS for perceived stress. Statistical analyses includedPearson's correlations and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests to identifysignificant differences across positions.Results confirmed the interrelationship among psychological variables andrevealed position-specific differences: goalkeepers demonstrated greater emotionalcontrol, defenders higher resilience, midfielders greater engagement, and forwards higherself-confidence and optimism. These findings highlight the need to design individualizedpsychological interventions tailored to each player's profile and role, aiming to optimizeperformance, prevent burnout, and support sustainable athletic careers.In conclusion, integrating sport psychology into youth soccer is essential toenhance performance, safeguard psychological well-being, and prevent early dropout.The study provides empirical evidence supporting the implementation of position-specific mental training strategies, underscoring the protective role of resilience andoptimism, and the central function of engagement as a driver of commitment andinvolvement
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