Publication: Ecos de descontento: cómo la pandemia legitimó la protesta reaccionaria en el espacio público español actual
Authors
Olayo-Yestera, Alberto
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.6018/sh.707131
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Este artículo es relevante en 2025 porque ofrece, con cinco años de perspectiva, la primera evaluación longitudinal de cómo la COVID-19 reconfiguró de forma duradera la protesta y desplazó el protagonismo hacia actores conservadores y de extrema derecha. A partir de un PEA ampliado (Madrid, 2000–2025; >7.300 eventos), demuestra que los marcos «Libertad vs. Control» nacidos en el confinamiento consolidaron repertorios híbridos —caceroladas, caravanas, telemovilización y vuelta a la calle—que hoy siguen estructurando la contienda pública. El trabajo explica la migración de esos marcos desde la oposición a restricciones sanitarias hacia agendas anti-fiscalidad, anti-políticas climáticas, anti-acuerdosy anti-género, y documenta una nueva eficacia simbólica de la derecha en el espacio público. Su contribución teórica relee la pandemia como aceleradorcultural reaccionario y como ventana de oportunidad para contramovimientos, aportando evidencia sobre subjetividades políticas centradas en la noción de «libertad». Para la Sociología Histórica, el artículo ofrece claves comparadas (España en diálogo con Alemania, EE. UU. y Brasil) y criterios empíricos para entender la normalización post-pandemia de la protesta polarizada y sus implicaciones en gobernanza, policía y regulación de la movilización digital.
This article is relevant in 2025 because, with five years’ hindsight, it provides the first longitudinal assessment of how COVID-19 durably reconfigured protest and shifted prominence toward conservative and far-right actors. Drawing on an expanded Protest Event Analysis (Madrid, 2000–2025; >7,300 events), it shows that the «freedom vs. Control» frames forged during lockdown consolidated hybrid repertoires—pot-banging protests (caceroladas), motorcades, online mobilization, and a return to the streets—that continue to structure public contention today. The article traces the migration of these frames from opposition to public-health restrictions to anti-tax, anti-climate policy, and anti-gender agendas, and documents a new symbolic efficacy of the right in public space. Its theoretical contribution rereads the pandemic as a reactionary cultural accelerator and a window of opportunity for countermovements, providing evidence of political subjectivitiescentered on «freedom» and a recalibration of WUNC (worthiness, unity, numbers, commitment). For historical sociology, it offers comparative insights (Spain in dialogue with Germany, the United States, and Brazil) and empirical criteria to understand the post-pandemic normalization of polarized protest and its implications for governance, policing, and the regulation of digital mobilization.
This article is relevant in 2025 because, with five years’ hindsight, it provides the first longitudinal assessment of how COVID-19 durably reconfigured protest and shifted prominence toward conservative and far-right actors. Drawing on an expanded Protest Event Analysis (Madrid, 2000–2025; >7,300 events), it shows that the «freedom vs. Control» frames forged during lockdown consolidated hybrid repertoires—pot-banging protests (caceroladas), motorcades, online mobilization, and a return to the streets—that continue to structure public contention today. The article traces the migration of these frames from opposition to public-health restrictions to anti-tax, anti-climate policy, and anti-gender agendas, and documents a new symbolic efficacy of the right in public space. Its theoretical contribution rereads the pandemic as a reactionary cultural accelerator and a window of opportunity for countermovements, providing evidence of political subjectivitiescentered on «freedom» and a recalibration of WUNC (worthiness, unity, numbers, commitment). For historical sociology, it offers comparative insights (Spain in dialogue with Germany, the United States, and Brazil) and empirical criteria to understand the post-pandemic normalization of polarized protest and its implications for governance, policing, and the regulation of digital mobilization.
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Citation
Sociología Histórica (2026), Vol. 16, núm. 1, pp. 626-628
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