Publication: Disminuyendo la relevancia de los plaguicidas.
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Date
2010
Authors
Pérez, Nilda ; Infante, Ciro ; Rosquete, Cristina ; Ramos, Alfredo ; González, Carlos
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Publisher
Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia
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Description
Abstract
En diferentes lugares del mundo existen sistemas agroalimentarios altamente dependientes de
insumos químicos, mientras en otras partes se desarrollan experiencias que están demostrando
que los problemas de plagas se pueden enfrentar desde una perspectiva ecológica y sostenible.
Se presentan experiencias locales que ofrecen evidencias indiscutibles de que la disminución
de la relevancia y dependencia de los plaguicidas, dentro de esa perspectiva, es una realidad
posible. Desde este punto de vista se muestran los resultados de una evaluación de impacto y
sostenibilidad de las prácticas de manejo de plagas, a la vez que se documentan experiencias de
alternativas al control químico. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destacan que en el municipio
de San Antonio de los Baños, entre el 2000 y el 2005, se produjo una reducción total en el uso
de plaguicidas del 63 %, la cantidad de plaguicidas por trabajador agrícola directo se redujo en
30.7 %, y por cada tonelada de alimento producido se utilizó un 70 % menos de plaguicidas.
En el municipio Güira de Melena, dado los riesgos que representa el uso del endosulfan para la
salud humana y el ambiente, desde hace 13 años, se decidió no utilizarlo; esa decisión no tuvo
efectos negativos sobre la producción de alimentos. En este lapso se dejaron de aplicar 6537.44
kg ingrediente activo de este insecticida. Entre las principales alternativas implementadas
en encuentran la producción y uso de entomófagos, entomopatógenos y antagonistas y la
conservación de enemigos naturales mediante la diversificación de los sistemas.
Abstract: In different places of the world the agricultural systems have a high dependence of chemical inputs, but in other parts the experiences developed have demonstrated that the problems of pests can be faced up from an ecological and sustainable perspective. Local experiences presented in this paper show unquestionable evidences that the decrease of the relevance and dependence of the pesticides is a possible reality. The results of an impact evaluation and sustainability of the practices of pest management are shown inside that perspective, at the same time that alternatives are documented to the chemical control of pests. Among the obtained results they stand out that in the municipality of San Antonio de los Baños (2000-2005), a reduction took place in the use of pesticides of 63%, the quantity of pesticides applied per direct agricultural worker decreased in 30.7%, and for each ton of produced food was used 70 % less of pesticides. In Güira de Melena, given the risks that it represents the use of the endosulfan for the human health and the environmental, this insecticide has not been used during 13 years, that decision didn’t have negative effects on the production of foods. In these 13 years 6537 kg of active ingredient of this insecticide has not been applied. Among the main alternatives implemented are the production and the use of entomophagous, entomopathogens and antagonistic organisms, and the conservation of natural enemies by means of the diversification of the agricultural systems.
Abstract: In different places of the world the agricultural systems have a high dependence of chemical inputs, but in other parts the experiences developed have demonstrated that the problems of pests can be faced up from an ecological and sustainable perspective. Local experiences presented in this paper show unquestionable evidences that the decrease of the relevance and dependence of the pesticides is a possible reality. The results of an impact evaluation and sustainability of the practices of pest management are shown inside that perspective, at the same time that alternatives are documented to the chemical control of pests. Among the obtained results they stand out that in the municipality of San Antonio de los Baños (2000-2005), a reduction took place in the use of pesticides of 63%, the quantity of pesticides applied per direct agricultural worker decreased in 30.7%, and for each ton of produced food was used 70 % less of pesticides. In Güira de Melena, given the risks that it represents the use of the endosulfan for the human health and the environmental, this insecticide has not been used during 13 years, that decision didn’t have negative effects on the production of foods. In these 13 years 6537 kg of active ingredient of this insecticide has not been applied. Among the main alternatives implemented are the production and the use of entomophagous, entomopathogens and antagonistic organisms, and the conservation of natural enemies by means of the diversification of the agricultural systems.
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