Publication: A cross-sectional study of the impact of regular use of insecticides in dogs on Canine Leishmaniosis seroprevalence in southeast Spain
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Date
2015-12-19
Authors
Goyena Salgado, María Elena ; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro ; Chitimia, L. ; Risueño, J. ; García-Martínez, J.D. ; Bernal, L.J. ; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo
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Publisher
Elsevier
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DOI
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.009
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Description
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Preventive Veterinary Medicine. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.009
Abstract
The relationship between Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) seroprevalence and regular use of topical insecticides was investigated in 800 pet dogs with no visible signs of CanL in Murcia, southeast Spain in 2011.
Dogs were clients to 17 veterinary practices and were analyzed for Leishmania infantum antibodies in
blood plasma using two commercial ELISAs (Ingezim, Ingenasa®, Spain; Leishcan, Hipra®, Spain). Owners
were interviewed to gather data on dog related variables. They included date of birth, home address and
frequency, duration and timing of insecticide treatments used to prevent ectoparasite infestations. The
dog’s residence was georeferenced and environmental data potentially associated with the dog’s risk of
L. infantum infection was obtained. A mixed logistic regression model was then developed to analyze the
relationship between the dog’s serological status and insecticidal treatment adjusted for demographic
and environmental variables. Overall, CanL seroprevalence (95% confidence limits) was 18% (16–21%)
including 11% in dogs not using insecticide treatments (n = 60) and 19% in those using them (n = 740)
(p > 0.05). At least 16 different insecticide products were used and 73%, 26% and 1% of dogs received
1, 2 and 3 products a year. The most frequent commercial brands used and the only ones in the market claiming anti-sandfly activity, were Scalibor collars (deltametrin 40 mg/g; MSD®), Advantix pipettes
(permethrin 500 mg/ml and imidacloprid 100 mg/ml; Bayer®) and Exspot spot-on pipettes (permethrin
715 mg/ml; MSD®). Seroprevalence was 9%, 16%, 20%, 22% and 25% for dogs with Scalibor collars plus
Advantix pipettes, Scalibor collars plus ExSpot pipettes, Advantix pipettes alone, Scalibor collars alone
and Exspot pipettes alone, respectively. The multivariable model confirmed a significant reduction in the
risk of Leishmania spp. seropositivity in dogs using the Scalibor and Advantix combination compared to
those using either product alone and provided evidence of greatly increased risk of CanL in rural areas
situated at 300–500 m altitude and average March–July temperatures of 18.6–19 ◦C. The study highlights
the difficulty in controlling CanL infection by means of insecticide use alone and thatit could be improved
by using the Scalibor and Advantix combination and identifying and targeting specific geographical areas.
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Citation
Preventive Veterinary Medicine 124 (2016) 78-84
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