Publication: Agroecología y resiliencia al cambio climático: principios y consideraciones metodológicas
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Date
2013
Authors
Altieri, Miguel A. ; Nicholls, Clara I.
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Publisher
Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia
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Description
Abstract
La mayoría de las estadísticas disponibles que predicen impactos climáticos sobre la agricultura
campesina son aproximaciones muy burdas que no toman en cuenta la heterogeneidad de
la agricultura campesina-indígena, ni la diversidad de estrategias que los campesinos han utilizado
y aun utilizan para enfrentar las sequías, inundaciones, huracanes, etc. Alrededor del mundo
muchos campesinos y agricultores tradicionales han respondido a las condiciones climáticas
cambiantes demostrando innovación y resiliencia frente al cambio climático. Un gran número
de agricultores tradicionales poseen lecciones importantes de resiliencia para los agricultores
modernos y diversos expertos han sugerido que el rescate de los sistemas tradicionales de manejo,
en combinación con el uso de estrategias agroecológicas, puede representar la única ruta
viable y sólida para incrementar la productividad, la sostenibilidad y la resiliencia de la producción
agrícola. En este trabajo se define un marco conceptual y metodológico para poder descifrar
los principios y mecanismos claves que explican la resiliencia de los sistemas diversificados, de
manera de que estos puedan ser transmitidos a otros agricultores en cada región y así mejoren la
capacidad de resistencia y de recuperación de sus fincas. Por esto la urgencia de la necesidad de
desarrollar una metodología que permita evaluar la capacidad de los agroecosistemas a resistir y
recuperarse de los eventos climáticos severos, con especial énfasis en entender los procesos que
explican la resiliencia socio-ecológica observada.
ABSTRACT: Most of the current statistics on the impact of climate change on peasant agricultura are broad approximations that do not take into account the heterogeneity of peasant agriculture, nor the range of strategies that peasant have used and still use to confront droughts, hurricanes, flooding, etc. Around the world there are thousands of small farmers that have responded to changing climatic conditions in innovative forms that provide resilience. These farmers possess key lessons of resilience for modern farmers and thus many experts have suggested the rescuing of traditional agroecological management systems as the only viable path to enghance the resilience of modern agroecosystems. This work provides a conceptual and methodological framework to elucidate the principles and mechanisms that underlie the resilience of diversified farming systems, so that these may be transfered to other farmesr to improve the resistance and recovery of their farms affected by climate change. It is urgent to develop a methodology that allows assessment of the capacity of agroecosystems to whistand and recover from extreme climatic events with special emphasis on understanding the processes that explain the observed socio-ecological resilience.
ABSTRACT: Most of the current statistics on the impact of climate change on peasant agricultura are broad approximations that do not take into account the heterogeneity of peasant agriculture, nor the range of strategies that peasant have used and still use to confront droughts, hurricanes, flooding, etc. Around the world there are thousands of small farmers that have responded to changing climatic conditions in innovative forms that provide resilience. These farmers possess key lessons of resilience for modern farmers and thus many experts have suggested the rescuing of traditional agroecological management systems as the only viable path to enghance the resilience of modern agroecosystems. This work provides a conceptual and methodological framework to elucidate the principles and mechanisms that underlie the resilience of diversified farming systems, so that these may be transfered to other farmesr to improve the resistance and recovery of their farms affected by climate change. It is urgent to develop a methodology that allows assessment of the capacity of agroecosystems to whistand and recover from extreme climatic events with special emphasis on understanding the processes that explain the observed socio-ecological resilience.
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