Sport TK Vol 7, Nº 1 (2018)
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- PublicationOpen AccessRelación entre inversión y resultados deportivos de España y el Reino Unido en los últimos 20 años (1996-2016)(Universidad de Murcia, 2018) González-Ruiz, Josué; Torres-Luque, Gema; Roca-Cruz, Antonio; Puga González, Esther; Cabello-Manrique, DavidEl objeto del estudio es analizar cómo los ciclos económicos afectan a la inversión en el tercer sector del deporte y a los resultados deportivos internacionales. Se comparan los modelos de España y Reino Unido. Se seleccionaron los resultados olímpicos de ambos países en los últimos 20 años (Sídney 2000; Atenas 2004; Pekín 2008; Londres 2012 y Río 2016). Los resultados muestran como España ha ido disminuyendo la inversión pública en deporte desde la crisis, pero ha logrado mantener sus resultados deportivos en los Juegos Olímpicos. Esto evidencia una posible mejora de los recursos públicos y de la generación de recursos propios. Reino Unido muestra una recuperación económica mucho más sólida, que ha potenciado sus resultados deportivos, casi doblando el número de medallas en el periodo poscrisis. Se constata una mayor eficacia y eficiencia del modelo de Reino Unido que necesita menos de la mitad de deportistas olímpicos para conseguir excelentes resultados, generando un coste de medalla por habitante un 50% menor que España.
- PublicationOpen AccessPsychological Stress, Burnout and its relationship with Decision Making among Table Tennis Referees: A Case Study on the Fourth Championship of Saudi Universities(Universidad de Murcia, 2018) Abdul-Rahman Al-Haramlah, AhmedAbstract: Background: Professional referees are exposed to external sources of stress more than ever before and the performance of match oicials has recently come under increased attention and scrutiny. Purpose: he overarching aim of this study was to investigate the psychological stress related to decision making and their relation to psychological burnout among table tennis referees in the fourth championship of Saudi universities. he research tool was applied to a sample of 20 referees who participated in the championship. Method: Psychologcal Stress scale constructed by Mustafa and Abdoul (2001) (23 items) was used to measure the psychological stress related to decision making among the referees. Further, in order to measure Referee’s psychological burnout concerning the intensity and frequency a 23 items scale devised by Al-Haramlah (2016) was implemented. An acceptable validity and reliability were calculated for both the scales were found signiicant. Result: he study showed that, psychological pressures experienced by the table tennis referees which are connected to the diiculty encountered by referees in taking judgment of the refereeing crew as a result of the over-tension during the game. he referees’ also percept a feeling of anxiety and stress while making any decision to settle the results of the match in the inal minutes. Conclusion: he results of the study revealed a positive correlation between the psychological stress related to decision making and emotional burnout associated with intensity among table tennis referees
- PublicationOpen AccessDo novice and experienced rowers adopt diferent pacing strategies and do their physiological and metabolic responses show optimisation?(Universidad de Murcia, 2018) López-Sánchez, Guillermo Felipe; Smith, Lee; Díaz-Suárez, Arturo; Towner, April; Gordon, DanThe aim was to evaluate the pacing strategies and metabolic and physiological responses of novice and experienced rowers, over a 2000m racing proile. he sample was composed of 7 male university and town boat club rowers, 5 of which were novice (age 22.4±2.6 yr, height 182.6±8.4 cm, mass 79.7±8.9 kg), and 2 experienced (age 23.0±4.2 yr, height 194.1±4.1 cm, mass 90.3±2.0 kg). All participants performed a 2000m racing proile on the rowing ergometer followed by 3 trials in randomised order (500m, 1000m, 1500m) at the stroke rate and split time set from the original 2000m test. he last session consisted of a O2max test. During these tests, gas exchange, haematology, heart rate, split times, stroke rate and distances were recorded. Blood lactate (BLa) accumulation in novice rowers was continuously increased and plateaued in the inal 500m quarter. Whereas, experienced rowers gradually increased in lactate accumulation, but maintained in the third quarter (1000-1500m) which allowed room for further accumulation in the inal quarter (1500-2000m). he volume of oxygen uptake ( O2 ) increased linearly until the inal 500m quarter for the experienced group, while novice rowers luctuated throughout the time trial. In terms of pacing, the novice rowers followed an expected “allout” strategy whereas, unexpectedly, the experienced rowers continuously dropped in speed until the mid-point (1000m) where they maintained a speed of 5.10m. s -1. he current indings suggest that at a physiological and metabolic level, the experienced rowers are more adapted to the demands of rowing a 2000m race. However, it appears that they do not always follow a “J-Shaped” strategy.
- PublicationOpen AccessProgramas de intervención para la mejora de la imagen corporal en niños de Educación Primaria(Universidad de Murcia, 2018) León González, María Pilar; González-Martí, Irene; Contreras Jordán, Onofre RicardoLos problemas derivados de una imagen corporal negativa conducen al desarrollo de programas educativos que, a través de distintos contenidos, tratan de mejorar la imagen corporal de los niños en edad escolar. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las características y efectos de los programas más recientes para niños de Educación Primaria, a in de conocer aquellos más eicaces. Se analizaron 21 programas, cuyos contenidos más comunes son autoestima, alfabetización mediática, alimentación saludable y actividad física. La mayoría de estos programas están basados en una metodología interactiva y un enfoque etiológico. En general, varios programas resultan efectivos en la mejora de algunos factores de riesgo, aunque se ha observado poco efecto en los insultos sobre apariencia, la insatisfacción corporal y las conductas o síntomas de desórdenes alimentarios, tanto en el post-test como en el seguimiento. Algunas limitaciones son la falta de un grupo control y una evaluación de seguimiento.
- PublicationOpen AccessChanges in the lower limb alignment during the gait in advanced phases of pregnancy and the efect of special footwear(Universidad de Murcia, 2018) Gimunová, Marta; Zvonař, Martin; Šagat, Peter; Duvač, IgorThe hip, knee and foot pain are common complaints during pregnancy as pregnancy afects the musculoskeletal health. he purpose of the study was to investigate the pregnancy gait adaptations and the efect of special footwear. 16 pregnant women divided into a control and experimental group, who obtained the special footwear, participating at 27, 32 and 37 gestational weeks in data collection sessions. At each session participants were asked to go barefoot in a space captured by the Simi Motion®. To compare the diferences between diferent collection sessions, efect size obtained by Cohen’s d was used. Results of this study showed, that using the tested footwear enabled a verticalization of the pelvic segment, increase of the maximum hip extension angle, reduction of foot-loor angle and maintaining the same height of the knee during walking in the experimental group, possibly decreasing the risk of pain development in these body segments during pregnancy.