Anales de psicología Vol. 42, Nº 2 (2026)

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    The Effectiveness of Visualization on Cognitive Load and Problem-Solving in Gifted and Non-Gifted Students
    (Universidad de Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Al-Makhalid, Khalid; Ben-Motreb, Khaled; Sin departamento asociado
    Este estudio examinó el impacto de las técnicas de visualización en el rendimiento en la resolución de problemas matemáticos y la carga cognitiva en 80 estudiantes varones de secundaria (40 superdotados y 40 no superdotados) en Arabia Saudita. Utilizando un diseño experimental pre-test-postest, los participantes fueron asignados a un grupo experimental o de control, con cada grupo dividido en dos clases: una para estudiantes su-perdotados (n= 20) y otra para estudiantes no superdotados (n= 20). El grupo experimental recibió instrucción basada en la visualización (por ejemplo, visualización dinámica, herramientas interactivas), mientras que el grupo de control siguió métodos tradicionales. Los datos se analizaron me-diante ANOVA de medidas mixtas de dos vías y un MANOVA. El grupo experimental superó significativamente al grupo de control en la resolución de problemas, F(1, 76) = 99.45, p< .001, η²ₚ= .57, y experimentóuna re-ducción en la carga cognitiva, F(1, 76) = 47.40, p< .001, η²ₚ= .37. Surgióun efecto de interacción significativo (Wilks’Λ= .88, F(2, 75) = 5.12, p= .008, η² = .12), con los estudiantes superdotados del grupo experimental obteniendo las puntuaciones más altas (M= 88.45, SD= 4.29) y la menor carga cognitiva (M= 3.05, SD= 0.61). Estos hallazgos destacan la visuali-zación como una estrategia efectiva para mejorar la enseñanza de las ma-temáticas, especialmente para estudiantes superdotados, beneficiando tam-bién a los no superdotados. Los resultados respaldan la integración de es-trategias de instrucción inclusivas para mejorar la resolución de problemas y la eficiencia cognitiva
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    Quote the Raven? Always! A brain morphometric analysis of the intelligence hierarchy
    (Universidad de Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Burgaleta, Miguel; Martínez, Kenia; Colom, Roberto; Román, Francisco Javier; Sin departamento asociado
    En este estudio se comprueba la hipótesis de que, si el test de matrices progresivas de Raven (RAPM) es la mejor medida disponible del factor general de inteligencia (g), entonces sus correlatos cerebrales deben mostrar una mayor coincidencia con gque la observada en otras medidas de inteligencia. Para ello, se analizaron los correlatos de materia gris con los diferentes niveles de la jerarquía de la inteligencia, comprobando las consis-tencias y discrepancias entre los test y los constructos. Un grupo de 104 adultos jóvenes completó una batería de nueve pruebas de inteligencia que medían la inteligencia fluida-abstracta (Gf), cristalizada-verbal (Gc) y espa-cial (Gv). Este grupo también se realizó una resonancia magnética. Se calcu-laron las puntuaciones psicométricas para el factor de orden superior que representaba la inteligencia general (g), los factores de grupo de primer or-den que representaban Gf, Gc y Gvy, por último, las nueve medidas especí-ficas. Se obtuvieron evaluaciones optimizadas de morfometría basada en vóxeles (VBM) y morfometría basada en la superficie cortical (SBM, grosor cortical y área de la superficie cortical) y sus indicadores se relacionaron con las puntuaciones. Se inspeccionaron sistemáticamente las superposi-ciones entre los mapas cerebrales resultantes, controlando el sexo, la edad y la lateralidad. Los resultados de VBM identificaron una superposición en un grupo del giro frontal medio derecho, mientras que los resultados del área de la superficie cortical mostraron una superposición en la corteza pre-frontal dorsolateral derecha, para RAPM, Gfy g. Estos resultados se consi-deraron coherentes con la hipótesis principal y, por lo tanto, respaldan al RAPM como la mejor estimación única de g.
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    Psychological flexibility and suicide probability in adolescents: An ACT-based intervention study
    (Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad dde Murcia, 2026) Kiran, Binnaz; Aydin, Yunus Emre; Sin departamento asociado
    The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a rela tionship between suicide probability and psychological flexibility/rigidity in adolescents and to examine the effect of an ACT-based psychoeducation programme developed by the researchers on reducing suicide probability and psychological rigidity in adolescents. Therefore, the study consists of two stages. The first stage was conducted with the relational screening model and the second stage was conducted with the experimental model. The first stage of the study was carried out with 485 students studying in a high school. The second stage was conducted with a total of 24 students from this group who had a high suicide probability. In the study, it was found that there was a positive and moderately significant relationship be tween adolescents' psychological rigidity levels and suicide probability. In addition, it was concluded that ‘ACT Based Psychoeducation Programme’ was effective on suicide probability, suicide probability sub-dimensions and psychological rigidity levels of adolescents. Improving the psychological flexibility of adolescents is important in terms of preventing many mental health problems, including suicide.
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    Spanish adaptation and psychometric properties of the Relationship Belief Inventory in community samples from Spain and Mexico
    (Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad dde Murcia, 2026) de Irala, Jokin; Osorio, Alfonso; Martín-Lanas, Raquel; Cano-Prous, Adrián; Garcia-Zavala, Gabriela; Sin departamento asociado
    Identifying dysfunctional beliefs about romantic relationships is important for fostering healthy relationship dynamics. This study aimed to translate into Spanish and verify the psychometric properties of the Rela tionship Belief Inventory (RBI) in community samples from Spain and Mexico. A two-phase study was conducted: Phase I involved translation, while Phase II focused on psychometric analysis. The results showed that an 18-item scale considering only three beliefs (“Disagreement is destruc tive”, “Mindreading is expected”, and “Sexes are different”) fit better than the original proposal. Validity was also supported by correlations with neu roticism, relationship power imbalance, and parents’ relationship; as well as by group differences between clinical and community samples, and be tween men and women. Internal consistency was confirmed only for the three beliefs included in the final model. In conclusion, the validity and re liability of the Spanish version of the Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI-S) were sufficiently supported in this study.
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    A comprehensive examination of the psychometric properties of the Appearance Anxiety Inventory and its adaptation into Turkish
    (Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad dde Murcia, 2026) Aslan, Emre; Bakalım, Orkide; Taşdelen-Karçkay, Arzu; Sin departamento asociado
    Appearance anxiety, characterized by an individual's negative perception of their body image and stress caused by the possibility of their appearance being evaluated by others, can have negative effects on the lives of emerging adults. The aim of this study is to adapt the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI) to Turkish, and also to examine the psychometric properties of the scale comprehensively using classical test theory and some modern measurement approaches. For this purpose, the psychomet ric properties of the AAI in Turkish culture were examined in a sample of emerging adults (N = 520). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the single-factor structure of the AAI. Item response theory analysis revealed that the scale items had sufficient discrimination parameters for levels of appearance anxiety. Network analysis determined that the item with the highest centrality was that regarding the individual hiding or changing his or her appearance. The findings of the study indicate that the AAI has sound psychometric properties that can be used in the assessment of ap pearance anxiety in emerging adults in the Turkish population.