Histology and histopathology Vol.36, nº1 (2021)
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- PublicationOpen AccessFragmentation of the Golgi complex of dopaminergic neurons in human substantia nigra: new cytopathological findings in Parkinson's disease(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2021) Tomás, Mónica; Martínez Martínez, Narcisa; Cara Esteban, Mireia; Martínez Alonso, Emma; Martínez Menárguez, José ÁngelFragmentation of the Golgi ribbon is a common feature of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. This alteration could be the consequence of the anterograde and retrograde transport imbalance, α-synuclein aggregates, and/or cytoskeleton alterations. Most information on this process has been obtained from cellular and animal experimental models, and as such, there is little information available on human tissue. If the information on human tissue was available, it may help to understand the cytopathological mechanisms of this disease. In the present study, we analyzed the morphological characteristics of the Golgi complex of dopaminergic neurons in human samples of substantia nigra of control and Parkinson's disease patients. We measured the expression levels of putative molecules involved in Golgi fragmentation, including α-synuclein, tubulin, and Golgi-associated regulatory and structural proteins. We show that, as a consequence of the disease, the Golgi complex is fragmented into small stacks without vesiculation. We found that only a limited number of regulatory proteins are altered. Rab1, a small GTPase regulating endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport, is the most dramatically affected, being highly overexpressed in the surviving neurons. We found that the SNARE protein syntaxin 5 forms extracellular aggregates resembling the amyloid plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. These findings may help to understand the cytopathology of Parkinson's disease.
- PublicationOpen AccessIn Memoriam: Professor Francisco Hernández-Calvo (1931-2020)(2021) Díaz Flores, Lucio; Madrid Cuevas, Juan Francisco
- PublicationOpen AccessAdvances in translational orthopaedic research with species-specific multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2021) Ramallo, Melina; Carreras Sánchez, Irene; López Fernández, Alba; Vélez, Roberto; Aguirre, Màrius; Feldman, Sara; Vives, JoaquimCompliance with current regulations for the development of innovative medicines require the testing of candidate therapies in relevant translational animal models prior to human use. This poses a great challenge when the drug is composed of cells, not only because of the living nature of the active ingredient but also due to its human origin, which can subsequently lead to a xenogeneic response in the animals. Although immunosuppression is a plausible solution, this is not suitable for large animals and may also influence the results of the study by altering mechanisms of action that are, in fact, poorly understood. For this reason, a number of procedures have been developed to isolate homologous species-specific cell types to address preclinical pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. In this work, we present and discuss advances in the methodologies for derivation of multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from the umbilical cord, in general, and Wharton’s jelly, in particular, from medium to large animals of interest in orthopaedics research, as well as current and potential applications in studies addressing proof of concept and preclinical regulatory aspects.
- PublicationOpen AccessIdentifying specific Notch1 target proteins in lung carcinoma cells(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2021) Hassan, Wael Abdo; Ito, TakaakiBackground. The Notch signaling pathway has different roles in many human neoplasms, being either tumor-promoting or anti-proliferative. In addition, Notch signaling in carcinogenesis can be tissue dependent. The aim of the current study is to elucidate the relation between Notch1 protein expression in lung cancer cells and the following Notch related proteins: Hes1, c-Myc, Jagged1 and Jagged2. Methods. Notch1 and its related proteins were detected in human lung cancer cell lines and in 54 surgically resected different lung carcinoma tissues. Then, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, to down-regulate the expression of Notch1 in H69AR and SBC3 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells. Also, we transfected venus Notch1 intracellular domain (v.NICD) plasmid into human SCLC lines; H69. Results. The expression of Hes1, c-Myc and Jagged2 is affected by Notch1 in SCLC. Conclusion. There is a strong association between the expression of Notch1 protein and the expression of Hes1, c-Myc and Jagged2 proteins, which could aid in better understanding tumorigenesis in SCLC.
- PublicationOpen AccessAngiosarcomas: histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular insights with implications for differential diagnosis(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2021) Machado, Isidro; Giner, Francisco; Lavernia, Javier; Cruz, Julia; Traves, Víctor; Requena, Celia; Llombart, Beatriz; López Guerrero, José Antonio; Llombart Bosch, AntonioAngiosarcomas (AS) represent a heterogenous group of tumors with variable clinical presentation. AS share an important morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap with other sarcomas, hence the differential diagnosis is challenging, especially in poorly-differentiated tumors. Although molecular studies provide significant clues, especially in the differential diagnosis with other vascular neoplasms, a thorough hematoxylin and eosin analysis remains an essential tool in AS diagnosis. In this review, we discuss pathological and molecular insights with emphasis on implications for differential diagnosis in cutaneous, breast, soft tissue and visceral AS.