Browsing by Subject "Pneumonia"
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- PublicationOpen AccessAcciones de enfermería para la prevención de la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica: revisión sistemática(2014) Kluczynik Vieira, Caroline Evelin Nascimento; de Andrade, Paula Stefânia; Enders, Bertha Cruz; Coura, Alexsandro Silva; Dutra, Michelinne Oliveira MachadoObjetivo: Identificar acciones de enfermería implementadas en la prevención de la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica en los pacientes intubados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: Revisión sistemática en las bases: PubMed, BVS y Scielo utilizando los descriptores: "Atención de Enfermería" y "Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador". La muestra constaba de 13 artículos. La calidad interna se evaluó mediante la clasificación de Jadad. Resultados: Los destaques fueron las acciones: elevación de decúbito de 30º; higiene oral; formación de las enfermeras; Protocolo Francés Destete de la Ventilación Mecánica dirigido a las enfermeras; proporción entre el número de enfermeras por turno, y evitar la reutilización de succión. Enfermería Global Nº 35 Julio 2014 Página 339 Conclusión: Los cuidados de enfermería presentados deben ser utilizados en la prevención de la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica en los pacientes intubados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, ya que a través de los resultados de los artículos originales demostraron la eficacia de dichas acciones.
- PublicationOpen AccessAntimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolated from Sheep with Fibrinous Pneumonia(Sciendo, 2023-07-01) Galecio, Juan Sebastián; Badillo, Elena; Escudero, Elisa; Corrales, Juan Carlos; Yuste Pérez, María Teresa; Marín, Pedro; FarmacologíaOvine respiratory complex is a signifi cant cause of death in sheep fl ocks, where Pasteurella multocida is the most frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with pneumonia. There is an urgent need to refi ne the use of different antimicrobials to avoid the problem of antimicrobial resistance and optimize the control of this disease in ovine livestock. The fi rst step in approaching this problem is gaining an insight into the antimicrobial susceptibility of ovine pathogens. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of tildipirosin, gamithromycin, oxytetracycline, and danofl oxacin against Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from sheep with fi brinous pneumonia. The strains were incubated following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard conditions and also with a modifi ed method by 25% supplementation with sheep serum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the broth microdilution technique. The lowest MIC90 under standard conditions and by supplementation with sheep serum was obtained with tildipirosin. Sheep serum signifi cantly reduced tildipirosin, gamithromycin, and danofl oxacin MIC values for Pasteurella multocida strains. In brief, the potency of tildipirosine, gamithromycin, and danofl oxacin against Pasteurella multocida increases when sheep serum is added to the culture media.
- PublicationOpen AccessCharacterization of natural occurring Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pigs by histopathology, electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and PCR amplification(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 1998) Ramos Vara, J. A.; Lu, J. J.; da Silva, A. J.; Montone, K. T.; Pieniazek, N. J.; Lee, C. H.; Pérez, L.; Steficek, B. A.; Dunstan, R. W.; Craft, D.; Watson, G. L.Macroscopic. histolog ic . ultrastruc tural. microbiologic. ill sirll hybridi za ti on (ISH ) and PCR detection results in three 8-week-old pi gs naturall y infected with Pllel.llllonsris c{lrinii (PC) are described . All an imals had a nonsu ppurati ve interstitial pneumoni a and intra-alveolar PlleulIlucysris organisms with foamy eos in ophili c and PAS positi ve appearance . Ultrastructurally. PC trophozoites and cysts we re observed in pigs No.2 and NO .3. with the fo rmer being much more numerous. PC organisms we re located on the alveolar surface or within the alveolar septa . Trophozoites had numerous filopodia and were thin-wall ed. Cysts had no o r few filopodia. we re thick- wa ll ed and co nt a ined intracysti c bodies. Using non-isotopic ISH on formalinfixed. paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections. PC DNA from pigs No.2 and No . 3 hyb ridi zed with a probe specific for PC ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Using primers spec ific for mit oc ho ndrial rRNA ge ne (pA Z I0 2- E/pAZ I 02-H). and for the interna l transcriber space rs of ribosomal gene of PC. PCR methods amplified a product in the lung of pigs No.2 and No.3 using either frozen or formalin -fi xed and paraffin -embedded lung tissue. DNA from Pig No. I samples did not amplify with any primer. This is the first time that molecular biology techniques (ill siru hybridi zation and PCR) have been applied to the study of porc ine pneumocystosis.
- PublicationOpen AccessEficacia de un programa educativo al paciente ingresado con neumonía.(Murcia : Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2009) Estrada Reventos, D.; Lara Pulido, A.; Robau Gassiot, M.; Casals Font, E.; Fernández Martínez, A.; Rosell Marti, M.Objetivo: Elaboración de un folleto informativo sobre la neumonía, en forma de tríptico, dirigido a pacientes ingresados por este motivo, así como a sus familiares y cuidadores y su posterior evaluación. Material y método: El estudio consta de dos partes. 1ª Estudio observacional: revisión bibliografíca de la neumonía en bases de datos internacionales, elaboración de un tríptico estructurado y comprensible para el paciente que incluye definición, síntomas, cómo se diagnostica y tratamiento. 2ª Estudio experimental, cualitativo y prospectivo en dos grupos de pacientes ingresados con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en un hospital de tercer nivel. En cada grupo entraron 38 pacientes. El grupo intervención recibió el folleto informativo en forma de tríptico y el grupo control no recibió ninguna intervención. A ambos grupos se les pasó un cuestionario al alta con preguntas relacionadas sobre la neumonía. Resultado: Muestra de 76 pacientes, 58% hombres con una edad media de 69 años y un nivel de estudios primarios de un 50%. El 79% era la primera vez que tenia neumonía. En el estudio comparativo de los dos grupos destaca que en el grupo intervención se le había explicado lo que era la neumonía al 100% de pacientes mientras que en el de control era del 52%. Referente a la pregunta de cuáles son los síntomas que aparecen en la neumonía en el grupo intervención el 99% es capaz de enumerarlos, sin embargo, en el grupo control solo un 56% es capaz. Conclusión: Consideramos que la importancia de la información facilitada por escrito, con un lenguaje claro, conciso y asequible para las diferentes edades en pacientes ingresados, aumenta sus conocimientos sobre su enfermedad, síntomas y pruebas, obteniendo más confort y tranquilidad durante su estancia.
- PublicationOpen AccessEvaluación del cumplimiento de un protocolo de prevención de Neumonía asociada a Ventilación mecánica en una UCI polivalente(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2015) Villamón Nevot, María JoséObjetivos: 1.Analizar el cumplimiento del protocolo mediante el registro del 80% de los cuidados de enfermería. 2. Describir la evolución de la densidad de incidencia de NAVM durante el periodo del estudio. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los años 2009, 2010 y 2011. Se registró la realización de los cuidados incluidos en la prevención de NAVM en todos los pacientes en tratamiento con ventilación mecánica (VM) >24 horas, considerando que estaban cumplidos si el registro era ≥ 80%. Se calculó el número de episodios NAVM por 1000 días de VM en el periodo del estudio. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 94 pacientes. El cumplimiento de las medidas fue superior al 80% excepto en la valoración de la escala de Ramsay. El número de episodios de NAV por año fue 12,8 episodios por 1000 días de VM en 2008 y tras la implantación del protocolo fue de 4,57 en 2009, 6,83 en 2010 y 2,71 en 2011. Conclusiones: 1. La frecuencia de registro de los cuidados ha sido buena. Para la mejora del registro de la valoración de la sedación, se hace necesaria la posibilidad de implantar un protocolo para el destete. 2. La incidencia de NAVM ha descendido tras la implantación del protocolo.
- PublicationOpen AccessImportance and antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis in clinical respiratory disease in feedlot calves(MDPI, 2021-05-20) García Galán, Ana; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Gómez Martín, Ángel; Ortega, Joaquín; Rodríguez, Francisco; García Muñoz, Ángel; Fé Rodríguez, David Christian de la; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadasBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important viral and/or bacterial disease that mainly affects feedlot calves. The involvement of Mycoplasma bovis in BRD can lead to chronic pneumonia poorly responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia is a pulmonary lesion typically associated with M. bovis. In Spain, M. bovis is widely distributed in the feedlots and circulating isolates are resistant to most antimicrobials in vitro. However, the role of this species in clinical respiratory disease of feedlot calves remains unknown. Furthermore, available data are relative to a fixed panel of antimicrobials commonly used to treat BRD, but not to the specific set of antimicrobials that have been used for treating each animal. This study examined 23 feedlot calves raised in southeast Spain (2016–2019) with clinical signs of respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment. The presence of M. bovis was investigated through bacteriology (culture and subsequent PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, mainly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23). Immunohistochemistry revealed M. bovis antigens in 73.9% (17/23) of the calves in which caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia was the most frequent lesion (16/17). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays confirmed the resistance of a selection of 12 isolates to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD affecting feedlot calves in Spain.
- PublicationOpen AccessImportance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis in Clinical Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Calves(MDPI, 2021-05-20) García Galán, Ana; Seva, Juan; Gómez Martín, Ángel; Ortega, Joaquín; Rodríguez, Francisco; García Muñoz, Angel; Fé Rodríguez, Christian de la; Sanidad AnimalBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important viral and/or bacterial disease that mainly affects feedlot calves. The involvement of Mycoplasma bovis in BRD can lead to chronic pneumonia poorly responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia is a pulmonary lesion typically associated with M. bovis. In Spain, M. bovis is widely distributed in the feedlots and circulating isolates are resistant to most antimicrobials in vitro. However, the role of this species in clinical respiratory disease of feedlot calves remains unknown. Furthermore, available data are relative to a fixed panel of antimicrobials commonly used to treat BRD, but not to the specific set of antimicrobials that have been used for treating each animal. This study examined 23 feedlot calves raised in southeast Spain (2016–2019) with clinical signs of respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment. The presence of M. bovis was investigated through bacteriology (culture and subsequent PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, mainly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23). Immunohistochemistry revealed M. bovis antigens in 73.9% (17/23) of the calves in which caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia was the most frequent lesion (16/17). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays confirmed the resistance of a selection of 12 isolates to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD affecting feedlot calves in Spain
- PublicationEmbargoIs Azithromycin the first-choice macrolide for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia?(Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2003-05-06) Sánchez, F.; Mensa, J.; Martínez, J.A.; García-Vázquez, Elisa; Marco, F.; González, J.; Marcos, F.A.; Soriano, A.; Torres, A.; MedicinaCombination treatment with ab-lactam plus a macrolide may improve the outcome for elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The prognoses and mortality rates for elderly patients with CAP who receive ceftriaxone combined with a 3-day course of azithromycin or a 10-day course of clarithromycin were compared in an open-label, prospective study. Of 896 assessable patients, 220 received clarithromycin and 383 received azithromycin. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to the severity score defined by the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) study group; the incidence of bacteremia was also not significantly different. However, for patients treated with azithromycin, the length of hospital stay was shorter (mean+_ SD, 7.4+_5 vs 9.4+_7 days; P<.01) and the mortality rate was lower (3.6% vs. 7.2%; P<.05); compared with those treated with clarithromycin. There might be a difference in the outcome for patients with CAP depending on the macrolide used. A shorter treatment course with azithromycin may result in better compliance with therapy
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphopathological features induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection - a series of 57 autopsies(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2023) Deacu, Mariana; Enciu, Manuela; Nicolau, Antonela Anca; Bălţătescu, Gabriela Izabela; Neculai-Cândea, Lavinia Simona; Deacu, Sorin; Popa, Marius FlorentinBackground. COVID-19 is a systemic disease with multiorgan damage, which requires a better understanding and deepening of histopathogenesis in order to improve treatment. Autopsy remains a gold standard to establish certain diagnoses and to integrate the morphological spectrum of lung lesions, explaining the cause of death, into a clinical context. Methods and Results. The study included 57 autopsies performed during 2020-2021 associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the autopsies we performed, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was the most common pulmonary morphological change, 31.8% of them with acute or exudative phase and 33.3% with proliferative phase of DAD. Acute fibrous organizing pneumonia or organizing pneumonia with fibrous remodeling processes and pulmonary fibrosis were rarely observed. The most unfavorable outcome and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was frequent in older men, with a high rate of comorbidities. Microscopically, SARS-CoV-2 presents many common aspects with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1, such as alveolar hyaline membrane, desquamated alveolar cells, alveolar edema and alveolar and interstitial lymphocyte and monocytes infiltration. Conclusions. Our study includes a large number of autopsies on patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection performed in Romania. COVID 19 associated pneumonia combines classical aspects of alveolar and interstitial pneumonia with some peculiarities. Autopsies are of major importance in understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection
- PublicationOpen AccessOridonin alleviates inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pediatric pneumonia via regulating the SIRT1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2024) Han, Weijuan; Qian, Chen; Fu, Peipei; Xu, JunmeiBackground. Pediatric pneumonia is a prevalent and significant health concern worldwide, with elevated morbidity and mortality rates among affected children. This study was designed to elucidate the therapeutic impact of Oridonin (Ori) on pediatric pneumonia and unravel the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods. A pediatric infantile pneumonia model was established in mice through intratracheal administration of LPS. Additionally, a cell damage model was created in WI-38 cells by administering LPS. Protein levels were assessed via western blotting, and cell viability was measured with CCK-8. Inflammatory cytokines were quantified through ELISA, and specific assays were employed to evaluate oxidative stress markers. Flow cytometry was utilized to assess cell apoptosis. Results. Ori alleviated lung inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in LPS-induced pneumonia mice. In addition, Ori increased the viability of LPS-induced pneumonia cells but decreased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Ori reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and ERS in LPS-induced pneumonia cells by enhancing SIRT1 to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusion. This study suggested that Ori inhibited pediatric pneumonia by dampening the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and ERS via the SIRT1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
- PublicationOpen AccessPneumonia in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: series of 17 cases in the region of Murcia(Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia, ) Moral Escudero, Encarnación; Hernández Torres, Alicia; Roura Piloto, Aychel Elena; Albendín Iglesias, Helena; Peláez Ballesta, Ana; García Vázquez, Elisa; MedicinaIntroducción. Actualmente la prevalencia de coinfección por neumococo en pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 es desconocida. En este trabajo presentamos sus características clínicas, evolución y tratamiento. Material y métodos. Recogida de datos retrospectivos desde agosto a octubre de 2020 en dos hospitales de la región de Murcia. Resultados. Dieciocho pacientes presentaron COVID-19 diagnosticada por PCR e infección por neumococo confirmada con antigenuria, lo que supuso una prevalencia del 2%. El 88% presentaban alteraciones radiológicas a su ingreso (dos pacientes presentaron una radiografía dentro de la normalidad) y un 29% procalcitonina elevada. La mortalidad de nuestra serie fue del 12%. Conclusiones. Podría ser razonable considerar el inicio de terapia antimicrobiana en aquellos casos en los que se tenga una moderada o alta sospecha de coinfección bacteriana, siendo fundamental la retirada del tratamiento antibiótico de forma precoz si ésta no se confirma.