Browsing by Subject "Nanoparticles"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Biosynthesis of a novel polymeric chitosan-betaxanthin and characterization of the first sugar-derived betalains and their effects in the in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans
    (Elsevier, 2020-09-28) Guerrero Rubio, María Alejandra; Hernández García, Samanta; García Carmona, Francisco; Gandía Herrero, Fernando; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A"
    Betaxanthins are nitrogenous plant pigments belonging to the family of betalains and they are known for their health-promoting effects and fluorescent properties. A novel biotechnological approach in the synthesis of these compounds has allowed the synthesis of high amounts of known betalains and of novel, tailor-made betalains through the condensation of the structural unit - betalamic acid - with amine groups of different compounds. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of chitosan-betaxanthin, the first fluorescent polymeric betaxanthin which forms nanoparticles and that might combine the fluorescent properties of betalains and the properties of chitosan, a sugar polymer widely used with medical purposes. In addition, glucosamine, the structural unit of chitosan, and its stereoisomer galactosamine were shown to condense in solution with betalamic acid. This produced novel molecules with spectral and in vivo antioxidant and anti-aging properties similar to those of biological betaxanthins, which are the first sugar-derived betaxanthins described.
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    Chitosan-nanoparticles effects on mucosal immunity: a systematic review
    (Elsevier, 2022-08-26) Collado-González, Mar; Esteban Abad, María de los Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
    Nanoparticles-based treatments is of utmost importance for aquaculture. In this scenario, chitosan-based nanoparticles have been proposed due to the properties of chitosan, which include mucoadhesiveness. Nevertheless, pivotal parameters of chitosan, such as degree of acetylation and molecular weight, are commonly underestimated in the available literature despite the influence they seem to have on the properties of chitosan-based nanoparticles. In this systematic review, the immunomodulator capacity of chitosan nanoparticles used as mucosal vaccines on teleost fish has been evaluated paying special attention to the chitosan properties. Four databases were used for literature search, yielding 486 documents, from which 14 meet the inclusion criteria. Only 21% of the available studies reported properly chitosan properties, which should be improved in future works to generate reproducible data as well as valuable information. To the best of our knowledge, this work objectively compares for the first time, by quantifying the mg of chitosan/g of fish applied in each study, the chitosan nanoparticle preparation and doses applied to fish, as well as the effects of the treatments applied on fish immune status.
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    Chitosan/albumin coating factorial optimization of alginate/dextran sulfate cores for oral delivery of insulin
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-03-14) Pessoa, Bruno ; Sandri, Giuseppina ; Ribeiro, António ; Collado-González, Mar; Biología Celular e Histología
    The design of nanoparticle formulations composed of biopolymers, that govern the physicochemical properties of orally delivered insulin, relies on improving insulin Stability and absorption through the intestinal mucosa while protecting it from harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Chitosan/polyethylene glycol (PEG) and albumin coating of alginate/dextran sulfate hydrogel cores are presented as a ultilayer complex protecting insulin within the nanoparticle. This study aims to optimize a anoparticle formulation by assessing the relationship between design parameters and experimental data using response surface methodology through a 3-factor 3-level optimization Box–Behnken design. While the selected independent variables were the concentrations of PEG, chitosan and albumin, the dependent variables were particle Size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and insulin release. Experimental results showed a nanoparticle size ranging from 313 to 585 nm, with PDI from 0.17 to 0.39 and zeta potential ranging from 􀀀29 to 􀀀44 mV. Insulin bioactivity was maintained in simulated GI media with over 45% cumulative release after 180 min in a simulated intestinal medium. Based on the experimental responses and according to the criteria of desirability on the experimental region’s constraints, solutions of 0.03% PEG, 0.047% chitosan and 1.20% albumin provide an optimum nanoparticle formulation for insulin oral delivery.
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    Folic Acid-Modified Ibrutinib-Loaded Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles for Cancer Cell Therapy with Over-Expressed Folate Receptor
    (MDPI, 2023-04-07) Fuster, M. G.; Montalbán, M. G.; Moulefera, I.; Víllora Cano, Gloria; Kaplan, D. L.; Ingeniería Química; Facultad de Química
    The anticancer drug ibrutinib (IB), also known as PCI-32765, is a compound that irreversibly inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and was initially developed as a treatment option for B-cell lineage neoplasms. Its action is not limited to B-cells, as it is expressed in all hematopoietic lineages and plays a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment. However, clinical trials with the drug have resulted in conflicting outcomes against solid tumors. In this study, folic acid-conjugated silk nanoparticles were used for the targeted delivery of IB to the cancer cell lines HeLa, BT-474, and SKBR3 by exploiting the overexpression of folate receptors on their surfaces. The results were compared with those of control healthy cells (EA.hy926). Cellular uptake studies confirmed total internalization of the nanoparticles functionalized by this procedure in the cancer cells after 24 h, compared to nanoparticles not functionalized with folic acid, suggesting that cellular uptake was mediated by folate receptors overexpressed in the cancer cells. The results indicate that the developed nanocarrier can be used for drug targeting applications by enhancing IB uptake in cancer cells with folate receptor overexpression.
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    Nanotechnology-based formulations for resveratrol delivery: Effects on resveratrol in vivo bioavailability and bioactivity
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019-04-15) Collado-González, Mar; Pereira, Irina; Pereira-Silva, Miguel; Ferreira, Laura; Caldas, Mariana; Magalhães, Mariana; Figueiras, Ana; Ribeiro, António J.; Veiga, Francisco; Santos, Ana Claudia; Biología Celular e Histología
    Resveratrol (RES), also known as 3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene, is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that has been widely researched in the past decade due to its recognized numerous biological activities. Despite the potential benefits of RES, its effective use is limited due to its poor solubility, photosensitivity and rapid metabolism, which strongly undermine RES bioavailability and bioactivity. Thereby, recently, nanotechnology appeared as a po- tential strategy to circumvent RES physicochemical and pharmacokinetics constrains. However, only few studies have addressed the crucial in vivo suitability of the developed delivery systems to improve RES efficacy. Facing this scenario, in the present review, it is intended to present and discuss the in vivo resveratrol bioavailability and bioactivity, following its encapsulation or conjugation in nanotechnology-based carriers, contemplating their pharmacokinetics effectiveness.
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    Study on impact of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Ganoderma applanatum on thyroid and lipid parameters of albino rat
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2021) Dandapat, Sukumar; Srivastava, Rohit; Prasad Sinha, Manoranjan
    Se estudió el impacto de SNP cargadas con extracto de Ganoderma applanatum sobre el perfil tiroideo y lipídico de rata. Las SNP (diámetro medio 58,77 nm; potencial zeta - 3,8) mV se analizaron mediante DLS. La microespectroscopía de infrarrojo con transformada de Fourier proporcionó un pico de transmisión amplio y elevado a 3248,12 cm-1 , que indica la carga bioquímica del extracto de G. applanatum en la superficie de los SNP. No se observó mortalidad ni cambios de comportamiento en la prueba de toxicidad aguda. El grupo-1 recibió 1 mL de agua destilada, el grupo-2 y el grupo-3 recibieron 200 mg kg-1 y 400 mg kg-1 de nanopartículas respectivamente. Una dosis de 400 mg kg-1 de SNPs mostró una mayor actividad hipertiroidea e hipolipidímica en comparación con el control y la dosis de 200 mg kg-1 .
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    Synthesis of Cellulose Nanoparticles from Ionic Liquid Solutions for Biomedical Applications
    (MDPI, 2023-01-23) Fuster, M. G.; Moulefera, I.; Muñoz, M. N.; Montalbán, M. G.; Víllora Cano, Gloria; Ingeniería Química; Facultad de Química
    A method for the synthesis of cellulose nanoparticles using the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium acetate has been optimised. The use of a highly biocompatible biopolymer such as cellulose, together with the use of an ionic liquid, makes this method a promising way to obtain nanoparticles with good capability for drug carrying. The operating conditions of the synthesis have been optimised based on the average hydrodynamic diameter, the polydispersity index, determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and the Z-potential, obtained by phase analysis light scattering (PALS), to obtain cellulose nanoparticles suitable for use in biomedicine. The obtained cellulose nanoparticles have been characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflectance (ATR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). Finally, cell viability studies have been performed with a cancer cell line (HeLa) and with a healthy cell line (EA.hy926). These have shown that the cellulose nanoparticles obtained are not cytotoxic in the concentration range of the studied nanoparticles. The results obtained in this work constitute a starting point for future studies on the use of cellulose nanoparticles, synthesised from ionic liquids, for biomedical applications such as targeted drug release or controlled drug release.
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    The Effect of Sterilization on the Characteristics of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles
    (MDPI, 2022-01-26) Asensio Ruiz, M. A.; Fuster, M. G.; Martínez Martínez, T.; Montalbán, M. G.; Cenis, J. L.; Víllora Cano, Gloria; Lozano-Pérez, A. A.; Ingeniería Química; Facultad de Química
    In recent years, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been consolidated as drug delivery systems (DDSs) with multiple applications in personalized medicine. The design of a simple, inexpensive, and scalable preparation method is an objective pursued by many research groups. When the objective is to produce nanoparticles suitable for biomedical uses, their sterility is essential. To achieve sufficient control of all the crucial stages in the process and knowledge of their implications for the final characteristics of the nanoparticles, the present work focused on the final stage of sterilization. In this work, the sterilization of SFNs was studied by comparing the effect of different available treatments on the characteristics of the nanoparticles. Two different sterilization methods, gamma irradiation and autoclaving, were tested, and optimal conditions were identified to achieve the sterilization of SFNs by gamma irradiation. The minimum irradiation dose to achieve sterilization of the nanoparticle suspension without changes in the nanoparticle size, polydispersity, or Zpotential was determined to be 5 kiloGrays (kGy). These simple and safe methods were successfully implemented for the sterilization of SFNs in aqueous suspension and facilitate the application of these nanoparticles in medicine.
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    Use of nanoparticles in skeletal tissue regeneration and engineering
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Filippi, Miriam; Born, Gordian; Flesch, Delphine Felder; Scherberich, Arnaud
    Bone and osteochondral defects represent one of the major causes of disabilities in the world. Derived from traumas and degenerative pathologies, these lesions cause severe pain, joint deformity, and loss of joint motion. The standard treatments in clinical practice present several limitations. By producing functional substitutes for damaged tissues, tissue engineering has emerged as an alternative in the treatment of defects in the skeletal system. Despite promising preliminary clinical outcomes, several limitations remain. Nanotechnologies could offer new solutions to overcome those limitations, generating materials more closely mimicking the structures present in naturally occurring systems. Nanostructures comparable in size to those appearing in natural bone and cartilage have thus become relevant in skeletal tissue engineering. In particular, nanoparticles allow for a unique combination of approaches (e.g. cell labelling, scaffold modification or drug and gene delivery) inside single integrated systems for optimized tissue regeneration. In the present review, the main types of nanoparticles and the current strategies for their application to skeletal tissue engineering are described. The collection of studies herein considered confirms that advanced nanomaterials will be determinant in the design of regenerative therapeutic protocols for skeletal lesions in the future.