Histology and histopathology Vol. 7, nº 4 (1992)

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Open Access
Expression of intermediate filaments and other special markers by testicular germ cell tumors. With reference to embryogenesis
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Hanai, J.; Lin, M.; Wada, A.; Ishiguro, S.; Miki, T.; Sakaguchi, H.; Kanda, H.
Distribution of intermediate filament proteins (IFs) and severa1 special markers was studied in 39 testicular germ cell tumors and 8 embryos and foetuses. The similarity and difference between development of germ cell tumor and embryogenesis were immunohistochemically investigated. Seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, as tumoral counterparts of undifferentiated germ cells, were characterized by little IF expression. This study revealed that the maturing and differentiating process in germ cell tumor is different from normal embryonal development and the tumor cells showed leaping maturing steps in tumorigenesis. Immunostaining for IFs helped to discover the further differentiation occurring in embryonal carcinoma and to demonstrate heterogeneous elements in non-seminoma germ cell tumors, which sometimes might not be apparent by light microscopical observation of H&E staining section. According to the findings, two patterns in mixed germ cell tumors are suggested; Le., combined and diffuse types. The mechanism of tumorigenesis of the two types is supposed to be different. Clinically, the prognosis of most patients with testicular germ cell tumor is fairly good because of the improved chemotherapies that are dependent on histological diagnosis.
Open Access
In vitro differentiation of myxoid liposarcomas maintained in organ culture system
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Tardío-Dobao, J.; Escalona Zapata, J.; Diez-Nau, M.D.
Liposarcoma falls into the differential diagnosis of myxoid malignant mesenchymal tumors. On the other hand, its relation with white or brown fat is controversial. Two cases of liposarcoma have been studied by organ culture, a rnethod which provides cell and tissue redifferentiation in vitro. Both cases developed successively cytoplasmic glycogen granules and lipid droplets as well as a single lipidic vacuole in the late phase of cultivation as a marker of fat differentiation. Our results support the possibility of identifying myxoid liposarcomas as well as their origin from white fat tissue.
Open Access
Small cell carcinoma of the stomach: An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Morikawa, Y.; Tohya, K.; Matsuura, N.; Matsumoto, K.; Kakudo, K.
A 4 x 6 cm ulcerative mass in the antrum was found to consist of papillary adenocarcinoma in the surrounding wall and the small round cell neoplasm at its base. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that elements of the papillary adenocarcinoma were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, keratin, endocrine granule constituent, and CA19-9, while components of the small cell carcinoma were weakly positive only for neuron-specific enolase. In one portion of the small cell carcinoma, particularly large cells with pleomorphic nuclei which were intensely positive for desmin were detected. Electron microscopic examination revealed dense-cored granules and intercellular junctions in the small neoplastic cells and bundles of intermediate filaments in the desmin-positive large cells. These findings suggest that ultrastmctural examination is vital in diagnosis of smail cell carcinoma and they reveal the capability of this carcinoma toward multidirectional differentiation.
Open Access
Seeding of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular grafts. A morphological study of porcine endothelial and fibroblast cells
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Buján, J.; Bellón, J.M.; Navlet, J.G.; Honduvilla, N.; Hernando, A.; Turegano, F.
The need to improve clinical results with small and medium calibre grafts has led to extensive research on cell seeding of prosthetic materials. Numerous problems remain regarding identification, seeding, adhesion and survival of the cells attached. We have studied the behaviour of seedings of endothelial and fibroblast cells on ePTFE grafts. Scanning electron microscopy allows us to observe the morphological characteristics and their interaction with the biopolymers. It has been possible to differentiate both cellular types by their characteristics and interactions with the ePTFE. At the same time, from this ~ i vni t ro~st udy it can be concluded that the time needed to obtain a stable and confluent monolayer on ePTFE pretreated with fibronectin is between 18 hours to 4 days for endothelial cells, and 24 hours for fibroblasts. These would be the optimal time periods for ain vivo. grafting of the seeded prostheses.
Open Access
Dermal cylindroma. Expression of intermediate filaments, epithelial and neuroectodermal antigens
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Wollina, Uwe; Rülke, D.; Schaarschmidt, H.
We report on irnmunohistochemical staining pattems in so-called apocrine tumors of skin with special emphasis on the dermal cylindroma. The results were compared with apocrine tubular adenoma, syringocystadenoma papilliferum and the normal eccrine sweat gland. A relationship of dermal cylindroma to the apocrine gland is suggested by expression of lysozyme and alphal-antichymotrypsin. The tumor shares keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and EGF-receptor expresssion with eccrine and apocrine glands. The presence of intermingled cells with a coexpression of keratin and vimentin argues for a partial myoepithelialike differentiation. Neuroectodermal antigens are rnissing. Therefore, dermal cylindroma is classified as an adnexal tumor of skin with a variable rate of cells of apocrine secretory, myoepithelial and undifferentiated phenotypes
Open Access
Expression of neuronal and glial markers in so-called oligodendrogilial tumors induced by transplacental administration of ethyl-nitrosourea in the rat
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Vaquero, J.; Coca, S.; Moreno M.; Oya, S.; Arias, A.; Zurita, M.; Morales, C.
A series of 18 tumors with histological features of oligodendrogliomas, induced in the rat by means of transplacental ethyl-nitrosurea administration were studied for immunohistochemical demonstration of neuronal (synaptophysin and neurofilament protein) and glial (gliofibrillar acidic protein and vimentin) markers. Most of the tumors showed cells with strong positivity to synaptophysin and to a lesser degree, to neurofilament protein, suggesting the neuronal character of these neoplasms. In 10 tumors, cells with strong positivity to vimentin were found, and in three cases, tumoral cells expressed gliofibrillar acidic protein. The observation that ENU-induced oligodendroglial tumors express neuronal and, to a minor degree, glial markers, suggests their interpretation as prirnitive neuroectodermal tumors with clear neuronal differentiation.
Open Access
Iron-binding proteins in human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas: an immunocytochemical investigation
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Tuccari, G.; Rizzo, A.; Crisafulli, C.; Barresi, G.
By immunocytochemistry, the presence of major iron-binding proteins (lactoferrin, transferrin and ferritin) was investigated in tubular adenomas (12 cases), villous adenomas (7 cases), carcinomas of the large bowel and rectum (39 cases) and lymph nodes involved in carcinomas (8 cases); 5 samples of colonic inflarnrnatory pseudopolyps were aiso studied. Dysplastic areas of tubular and villous adenomas as well as adenocarcinomas and colloid carcinomas showed a variable cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for al1 antisera, although no staining was noted in some cases; tubular adenomas without dysplasia and colonic inflarnmatory pseudopolyps were always unstained. Metastatic elements present in lymph nodes maintained the irnmunohistochemicai staining for iron-binding proteins. An autoctone production of lactoferrin, transferrin and ferritin by tumour cells may be hypothesized in relation to the increased requirement of iron for the tumover of rapidly dividing cells.
Open Access
Sex-specific response of the vasopressin-reacting neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus following chronic administration of met-enkephalin
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Sánchez, F.; González, R.; Carretero, J.; Rubio, M.; Riesco, J. M.; Blanco, E.; Juanes, J.A.; Vázquez, R.
Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochernical technique, a morphometric study of the magnocellular neurons of the Paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus, reactive to specific anti-vasopressin rabbit serum, was made. Following systemic and chronic administration of met-enkephalin the number of immunoreactive neurons was higher, especially in females. Additionally, in the females, it was possible to observe an increase in the immunoreactivity and the presence of well-stained fibres. These findings suggest, especially in females, a blockage in the release of vasopressin, facilitating its immunocytochemical visualization.
Open Access
Morphometric study on the renal glomeruli of streptozotocin (SZ)-induced diabetic APA hamsters
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Han, J.S.; Doi, K.
Morphometrical analysis was done on the renal glomeruli of streptozotocin (SZ)-induced diabetic and control APA hamsters. In coincidence with the histopathological and ultrastructural findings, the areas of whole glomerulus (WG) and mesangial region (MR) were significantly larger in diabetic animals than in controls at 1 and 3 months after SZ-injection (1 and 3MAI). The area of capillary lumen in diabetic animals was larger than that in controls at lMAI but it became similar between both groups at 3MAI probably due to an increase in the area of MR. The thickness of basement membrane was significantly larger in diabetic animals than in controls at 3MAI. The present morphometrical findings, together with histological and ultrastructural ones, suggest that SZ-induced diabetic APA hamsters are useful as a model system for the investigation of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Open Access
Ontogeny of reactivity to endothelial cell markers during development of the embryonic and fetal rat lung
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Han, R.N.N.; Tanswell, A.K.; Post, M.
The reactivity of endothelial cells to putative endothelial cell-specific markers varies with species,with vessel size and with the organ studied. To determine their value in studies of fetal rat lung, and whether organ immaturity would also influence reactivity, we studied endothelial cell immunoreactivity to antibodies against Factor VIIIIvon Willebrand factor (VIII/vWF), and binding reactivity to Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia 1 lectin (BSL 1) during rat fetal lung development. Using an indirect immunofluorescent technique to detect Factor VIIYvon Willebrand factor (VIIUvWF), endothelial cells lining the aortic arches were identified as early as day 11 of gestation (term= 22 days), prior to lung development. Immunoreactivity to VIIIIvWF was subsequently localized to intrapulmonary endothelial cells and was not dependent on vessel size. In contrast, binding reactivity of FITC-conjugated BSL 1 was observed to both endothelial cells and to the basement membrane of developing airways, thus limiting its value as endothelial cell marker. During very early lung development solitary angioblasts could not be identified by reactivity to either VIIYvWF antibodies or to BSL 1, and neither marker appears to be of value for studies of early angiogenic events.
Open Access
Circadian and seasonal cortico-medullary variations in pinealocyte nuclear size. A comparative statistical analysis
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Cimas García, C.; Martínez Soriano, F.; Ruíz Torner, A.
Circadian and seasonal variations were observed in the karyometric index of pinealocytes in the cortical and medullary regions of the dista1 pineal body. The study involved 70 Wistar rats over a 24-hour interval(0:6, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00, 22:00,02:00,06:00 h) during two natural photoluminous periods, i.e. late summer (Long photoperiod) and Winter (Short photoperiod). The results show a difference between the high and low points of both photoperiods. Corticomedullary differences are found at different times of day during long photoperiod (0:6; 10:OO; 14:00 and 18:OO h.) and short photoperiod (14:OO; 22:OO and 02:OO h.). The varianza annalysse between nuclear volume and pointtime and between nuclear volume, point-time and location are significative. A high correlation between circadian rhythms and volumetric variations in both layers and photoperiod are found. The results also show significant differences in cortico-medullary karyometric indices between both seasons as well as between the diurna1 and nocturna1 hours of both photoperiods. It is suggested that the pineal body of the rat is influenced by circadian and seasonal photoperiod and may have groups of cells with different functional characteristics, depending on their location within the gland
Open Access
Stereological study of the synaptic profiles belonging to interneurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rabbit
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Carmona Martos, R.; Abadía Molina, F.; Luján Miras, R.; Calvente Iglesias, R.; Abadía Fenoll, F.
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Open Access
Radiohistology and histochemistry of barium granuloma of the colon and rectum
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Mayorga, M.; Castro, F.; Fernández, F.; Val-Bernal, José Fernando; Arribas, V.
Barium granuloma of the colon and rectum is a rare complication of X-ray examination of the digestive tract using barium. The authors report 5 new cases occurring in the last 3 years. Histological examination revealed a granulorhatous reaction with greyish finely granular refractile PAS-negative material located in the cytoplasm of histiocytes and in the interstitial space. The radiographic study of the paraffin blocks confmed the nature of this material, which was X-ray opaque, and this was corroborated histochemically with the rhodizonate technique.
Open Access
Influence of preoperative dexamethasone therapy on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in comparison to other parameters in meningiomas
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Gottschalk, J.; Goebel, S.; Jautzke, G.; Martín, H.; Zimmer, C.; Marzheuser-Brands, S.; Cervós-Navarro, J.
We conducted a trial in 42 benign and malignant meningiomas to assess a possible influence of preoperative dexamethasone therapy on mitotic index, labelling indices of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), progesterone receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, cathepsin D, gamma-gamma enolase as well as the mean number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (AgNORs). Tumors with preceding dexamethasone therapy for more than 1 day display significantly less immunohistochemical staining for PCNA. A correlation between the labelling index of PCNA and the degree of malignancy could not be identified. There was no significant effect of preoperative dexamethasone therapy on the other parameters. Our data suggest that dexarnethasone may selectively inhibit the expression of PCNA in the GlISphase of the cell cycle. Thus, we emphasize the necessity to heed factors, e.g. dexamethasone, which may affect the expression of proliferating markers.
Open Access
Lesion and regeneration in the medical cerebral cortex of lizards
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) López-García, Carlos; Molowny, A.; Martínez Guijarro, F.J.; Blasco-lbáñez, J.M.; Luis de la Iglesia, J.A.; Bernabeu, A.; García-Verdugo, J.M.
The cerebral cortex of Squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) may be regarded as an archicortex or ereptilian hippocampus». In lizards, one cortical area, the media1 cortex, may be considered as a true ~fascia dentata» on grounds of its anatomy, connectivity and cyto- chemo-architectonics of its main zinc-rich axonal projection. Moreover, its late ontogenesis and postnatal development support this view. In normal conditions, it shows delayed postnatal neurogenesis and growth during the lizard's life span. Remnant neuroblasts in the media1 cortical ependyma of adult lizards seasonally proliferate. The late-produced immature neurocytes migrate to the medial cortex cell layer where they differentiate and give off zinc-containing axons directed to the rest of cortical areas. This results in a continuous growth of the medial cortex and its zinc-rich axonal projection. Perhaps the most important characteristic of the lizard medial cortex is that it can regenerate after having been almost completely destroyed. Recent experiments in our laboratory have shown that chemical lesion of its neurons (up to 95%) results in a cascade of events; first, those related with massive neuronal death and axonal-dendritic retraction and, secondly, those related with a triggered neuroblast proliferation and subsequent neohistogenesis, and the regeneration of an almost new medial cortex that shows itself undistinguishable from a normal undamaged one. This is the only report to our knowledge that an arnniote central nervous centre may regenerate by new neuron production and neo-histogenesis. Perhaps the media1 cortex of lizards may be used as a model for neuronal regeneration andlor transplant experiments in mammals or even in primates.
Open Access
Ultrastructural study of neuromuscular junction in rectus femoris muscle of streptozotocin-diabetic rats
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Medina sánchez, M.; Rodríguez Sáchez, C.; Vega Alvarez, J.A.; Menéndez Peláez, A.
The neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) from rectus femoris muscle in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats were examined by electron microscopy eight weeks after the STZ injection. When compared to controls and vehicle-injected groups, both the axon terminal and the junctional sarcoplasm showed serious alterations including mitochondrial degeneration, presence of myeloid bodies, breakdown of presynaptic membrane and changes in the form of the synaptic vesicles. The results suggest that NMJ can contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic proximal myopathy.
Open Access
Immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in rat pineal stalk astrocytes
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) López-Muñoz, F.; Boya, J.; Marín, F.
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Open Access
Localization of serotonin, cholecystokinin and somatostatin immunoreactivity in the lower respiratory tract of embryonic, foetal and postnatal sheep
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Balaguer, L.; Romano, J.; Ruíz-Pesini, P.
The lower respiratory tract of the sheep was studied by light-microscopical immunocytochemistry for serotonin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, bombesin and calcitonin during different periods of lung development; embryonic, foetal and postnatal. At embryonic period only intraepithelial serotonin-containing cells as solitary neuroendocrine cells (NEC) and neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) were found. At foetal stages, immunoreactive cells to serotonin, cholecystokinin and somatostatin were observed in airway epithelium, as solitary NEC and NEBs, and in autonomic intrapulmonary ganglia as single or clusters of small intensely-fluorescent (SIF) cells. In postnatal sheep, serotonin- and cholecystokinincontaining cells were found within airway mucosa as solitary NECs and NEBs. No immunoreactive cells were observed with antiserum to bombesin and calcitonin. Quantitative studies showed that serotonin was the predominant substance, and that solitary neuroendocrine cells were more numerous in dista1 conducting airways and at foetal stages
Open Access
Lack of intimal hyperplasia response in an experimental model of non-endothelial vascular wall damage
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Buján, J.; Bellón, J.M.; Golittsin, A.; Gianonatti, M.C.; Turegano, F.
The endothelial and media1 layers are generally presumed to play an important role in the appearance and development of intimal hyperplasia. We have carried out a short-, media- and long-term study of the morphological changes taking place in the comrnon iliac artery of rats after surgical removal of the adventitial layer. Our aim has been to assess the likely role played by this layer in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Our results show recurrent periods of cellular desquamation and almost complete absence of hyperplastic response during the first two months. After three months three is a slow process of endothelialization which is completed by the 6th month and persists one year after adventitial resection. Thus, adventitial resection seems to cause instability at the subendothelial bed level, not allowing the junction and embedding of endothelial cells nor the development of intimal hyperplasia. This lack of hyperplasia might also result from the fact that the endothelial desquamation process does not involve cellular rupture, which would prevent mitogenic-factor release. After morphological repair of the endothelium, a slow morphofunctional recovery of the artery takes place
Open Access
Role of multipotent fibroblasts in the healing colonic mucosa of rabbits. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Mori, Naoki; Doi, Y.; Hara, K.; Yoshizuka, M.; Ohsato, K.; Fujimoto, Sunao
Light- and electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry were used to study the healing colonic mucosa of rabbits after experimental excision. Between 3 and 5 days, abundant young fibroblasts which retained many features of mesenchymal cells invaded the growing capillaries into the loose connective tissue of the healing colonic mucosa. Our electron microscopy revealed the transformation of these young fibroblasts into smooth muscle cells, into histiocyte-like cells involved in phagocytotic activity, and into vasoformative cells incorporated into the growing capillaries. The mitotic proliferation of pre-existing smooth muscle cells at the ulcer margin did not seem to be the major reason for re-establishment of the muscular tissue. The present immunocytochemistry revealed an active production of fibronectin in rough endoplasmic reticulum in the young fibroblasts. This may mean that this glycoprotein is involved in the re-establishment of both connective and muscular tissues by enhancement of adhesion and chemoattractant activities of such cells. In addition, the immunoreaction of endothelial celis of the growing capillaries suggests a role of this glycoprotein in the acceleration of the neocapillarization.