Publication: Multiversioned Decoupled Access-Execute: the Key to Energy-Efficient Compilation of General-Purpose Programs
Authors
Koukos, Konstantinos ; Ekemark, Per ; Zacharopoulos, Georgios ; Spiliopoulos, Vasileios ; Kaxiras, Stefanos ; Jimborean, Alexandra
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Publisher
ACM
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Abstract
Computer architecture design faces an era of great challenges in
an attempt to simultaneously improve performance and energy efficiency.
Previous hardware techniques for energy management
become severely limited, and thus, compilers play an essential role
in matching the software to the more restricted hardware capabilities.
One promising approach is software decoupled access-execute
(DAE), in which the compiler transforms the code into coarsegrain
phases that are well-matched to the Dynamic Voltage and
Frequency Scaling (DVFS) capabilities of the hardware. While this
method is proved efficient for statically analyzable codes, generalpurpose
applications pose significant challenges due to pointer
aliasing, complex control flow and unknown runtime events. We
propose a universal compile-time method to decouple generalpurpose
applications, using simple but efficient heuristics. Our solutions
overcome the challenges of complex code and show that
automatic decoupled execution significantly reduces the energy
expenditure of irregular or memory-bound applications and even
yields slight performance boosts. Overall, our technique achieves
over 20% on average energy-delay-product (EDP) improvements
(energy over 15% and performance over 5%) across 14 benchmarks
from SPEC CPU 2006 and Parboil benchmark suites, with
peak EDP improvements surpassing 70%.
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