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Application of a score for evaluation of pain, distress and discomfort in pigs with lameness and prolapses: correlation with saliva biomarkers and severity of the disease

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Contreras-Aguilar et al. - 2019 - Application of a score for evaluation of pain, distress and discomfort in pigs with lameness and prola.pdf(2.25 MB)
Date
2019-10
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Authors
Contreras Aguilar, María Dolores ; Escribano Tortosa, Damián ; Martínez Miró, Silvia ; López Arjona, Marina ; Peres Rubio, Camila ; Martínez Subiela, Silvia ; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín ; Tecles Vicente, Fernando
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Publisher
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Medicina y Cirugía Animal
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©2019. This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Research in Veterinary Science. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.004
Abstract
A score system was used to evaluate pain, distress and discomfort in healthy pigs and pigs with two different diseases: lameness and rectal prolapse. In addition, correlations between the results of this score and a panel of salivary biomarkers and severity of disease were studied. This panel included biomarkers of stress (cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), total esterase activity (TEA), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and lipase (Lip)), im- munity (adenosine deaminase isozymes 1 (ADA1) and 2 (ADA2)) and oxidative status (uric acid (UA), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)). Based on their score, diseased animals were subdivided in those without and with evident pain. Lame pigs and prolapsed pigs with pain showed higher salivary levels of cortisol, sAA, TEA, BChE, ADA1 and ADA2 compared with the healthy pigs. In addition, the prolapsed pigs with pain showed higher levels of FRAS, AOPP and H2O2 compared with the healthy animals. Salivary cortisol, TEA, BChE, ADA isozymes 1 and 2, FRAS and AOPP correlated with the pain score. This five-point pain score system can be easily applied to lame and prolapsed pigs, and salivary bio- markers could be used as an additional tool for pain assessment in those pigs.
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Biomarkers , Pain , Pig , Saliva , Score
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http://hdl.handle.net/10201/138248
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