Publication: Criptosistema DES : Descripción y Aplicaciones
Authors
Mavunza Antonio Domingos
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Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Matemáticas
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Bernal Buitrago, José Joaquín
Publisher
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Description
Abstract
El cifrado es muy importante en la era digital, ya que garantiza la protección de los datos y sistemas en todos los sectores. Sin él, no tendríamos autenticación segura, comunicaciones privadas ni protección adecuada de la información. Su uso sigue expandiéndose con aplicaciones avanzadas, como operaciones de criptomonedas y el intercambio de datos seguros, ya sea en hospitales u otras instituciones.
El cifrado se encarga de proteger la información frente a posibles accesos no autorizados.
Aunque la seguridad digital está vinculada a varios otros factores como técnicos, organizativos y humanos, todas las soluciones de tecnología de la información utilizan el cifrado como pieza fundamental.
El enfoque principal de esta investigación es hablar sobre el sistema criptográfico DES y
sus aplicaciones.
En los años 70, Estados Unidos buscó establecer un estándar de seguridad de cifrado para los datos; IBM sugirió el uso del algoritmo Lucifer, que más tarde fue modificado por la NSA y renombrado como DES. Este cambio generó muchas críticas y debates porque el tamaño de la clave se modificó, reduciendo su tamaño y, a través de esta reducción, se facilitaron futuros ataques. Sin embargo, no hubo fallos graves hasta 1990. DES se lanzó oficialmente en 1977; a pesar de las críticas, se utilizó durante varios años hasta que fue reemplazado por AES en 1999.
Gracias a su estudio, se produjo una gran evolución en la criptografía actual.
El Estándar de Cifrado de Datos (DES) es un algoritmo de cifrado simétrico que utiliza una clave de 56 bits para cifrar datos en bloques de 64 bits. Fue una referencia muy importante en Estados Unidos y se utilizó durante muchos años, aunque actualmente es inseguro debido a su vulnerabilidad en ataques de fuerza bruta y ha sido reemplazado por AES (Advanced Encryption Standard).
Piensa en el DES como el ”abuelo” de los sistemas de criptografía modernos. Fue el primer método de cifrado adoptado como estándar mundial, utilizado por bancos, gobiernos y empresas durante décadas.
¿Por qué estudiar algo antiguo?
Porque el DES nos enseña lecciones valiosas:
• Muestra cómo funcionan los sistemas de cifrado en la práctica
• Ayuda a entender por qué algunos métodos de seguridad funcionan y otros no
• Explica cómo la tecnología evoluciona para enfrentar nuevas amenazas
Recientemente, ha sido reemplazado por el AES. Por lo tanto, su versión más segura sigue siendo utilizada.
En este marco, el presente trabajo se organiza en dos capítulos. El Capítulo 1 está dedicado a la presentación de nociones básicas de criptografía, que permiten establecer los fundamentos necesarios para la comprensión del tema. El Capítulo 2 se centra en el Estándar de Cifrado de Datos (DES), que constituye el foco principal de este trabajo, abordando su funcionamiento, sus características y su relevancia en el contexto de la criptografía. Cada capítulo se estructura en secciones y subsecciones con el fin de facilitar una exposición clara y progresiva de los contenidos
Encryption is crucial in the digital age, as it guarantees the protection of data and systems across all sectors. Without it, we would lack secure authentication, private communications, and adequate information protection. Its use continues to expand with advanced applications, such as cryptocurrency transactions and secure data exchange, whether in hospitals or other institutions. Encryption protects information against unauthorized access. However, digital security is linked to several other factors, including technical, organizational, and human aspects. Therefore, all information technology solutions utilize encryption as a fundamental component. The main focus of this research is to discuss the DES cryptographic system and its applications. In the 1970s, the United States sought to establish a data encryption security standard. IBM suggested using the Lucifer algorithm, which was later modified by the NSA and renamed DES. This change generated much criticism and debate because the key size was reduced, creating opportunities for future attacks. However, there were no serious failures until 1990. DES was officially released in 1977; despite criticism, it was used for several years until it was replaced by AES in 1999; thanks to its development, there was a great evolution in modern cryptography. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that uses a 56-bit key to encrypt data in 64-bit blocks. It was a very important standard in the United States and was used for many years, although it is now considered insecure due to its vulnerability to brute-force attacks and has been replaced by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). It has recently been replaced by AES. Therefore, as mentioned, its more secure version is still in use. Think of DES as the ”grandfather” of modern cryptography. It was the first encryption method adopted as a global standard, used by banks, governments, and businesses for decades. Why study something old? Because DES teaches us valuable lessons: • It shows how encryption systems work in practice • It helps us understand why some security methods work and others don’t • It explains how technology evolves to meet new threats
Encryption is crucial in the digital age, as it guarantees the protection of data and systems across all sectors. Without it, we would lack secure authentication, private communications, and adequate information protection. Its use continues to expand with advanced applications, such as cryptocurrency transactions and secure data exchange, whether in hospitals or other institutions. Encryption protects information against unauthorized access. However, digital security is linked to several other factors, including technical, organizational, and human aspects. Therefore, all information technology solutions utilize encryption as a fundamental component. The main focus of this research is to discuss the DES cryptographic system and its applications. In the 1970s, the United States sought to establish a data encryption security standard. IBM suggested using the Lucifer algorithm, which was later modified by the NSA and renamed DES. This change generated much criticism and debate because the key size was reduced, creating opportunities for future attacks. However, there were no serious failures until 1990. DES was officially released in 1977; despite criticism, it was used for several years until it was replaced by AES in 1999; thanks to its development, there was a great evolution in modern cryptography. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that uses a 56-bit key to encrypt data in 64-bit blocks. It was a very important standard in the United States and was used for many years, although it is now considered insecure due to its vulnerability to brute-force attacks and has been replaced by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). It has recently been replaced by AES. Therefore, as mentioned, its more secure version is still in use. Think of DES as the ”grandfather” of modern cryptography. It was the first encryption method adopted as a global standard, used by banks, governments, and businesses for decades. Why study something old? Because DES teaches us valuable lessons: • It shows how encryption systems work in practice • It helps us understand why some security methods work and others don’t • It explains how technology evolves to meet new threats
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