Publication: Immunohisto(cyto)chemistry: an old time classic tool driving modern oncological therapies
Authors
Cooks, Tomer ; Theodorou, Sofia D.P. ; Paparouna, Eleni ; Rizou, Sophia V. ; Myrianthopoulos, Vassilios ; Gorgoulis, Vassilis G. ; Pateras, Ioannis S.
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología
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DOI
DOI: 10.14670/HH-18-069
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine
immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry
(ICC) share some of the highlights in personalized
treatment. Survival data obtained from clinical trials
shape the cut-offs and IHC scoring that serve as
recommendations for patient selection both for targeted
and conventional therapies. Assessment of Estrogen and
Progesterone Receptors along with HER2 status has
been among the first approved immunostaining assays
revolutionizing breast cancer treatment. Similarly, ALK
positivity predicts the efficacy of ALK inhibitors in
patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In
recent years, Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) IHC
assays have been approved as companion or
complimentary diagnostic tools predicting the response
to checkpoint inhibitors. Anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1
monoclonal antibodies have inaugurated a new period in
the treatment of advanced cancers, but the path to
approval of these biomarkers is filled with
immunohistochemical challenges. The latter brings to
the fore the significance of molecular pathology as a hub
between basic and clinical research. Besides, novel
markers are translated into routine practice, suggesting
that we are at the beginning of a new exciting period.
Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in
cellular homeostasis unfolds biomarkers with greater
specificity and sensitivity. The introduction of GL13
(SenTraGor®) for the detection of senescent cells in
archival material, the implementation of key players of
stress response pathways and the development of
compounds detecting common mutant P53 isoforms in
dictating oncological treatments are paradigms for
precision oncology.
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