Goyena Salgado, Elena

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Goyena Salgado, Elena

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Goyena Salgado, Elena

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Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas

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A cross-sectional study of the impact of regular use of insecticides in dogs on Canine Leishmaniosis seroprevalence in southeast Spain
(Elsevier, 2015-12-19) Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Chitimia, L.; Risueño, J.; García-Martínez, J.D.; Bernal, L.J.; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
The relationship between Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) seroprevalence and regular use of topical insecticides was investigated in 800 pet dogs with no visible signs of CanL in Murcia, southeast Spain in 2011. Dogs were clients to 17 veterinary practices and were analyzed for Leishmania infantum antibodies in blood plasma using two commercial ELISAs (Ingezim, Ingenasa®, Spain; Leishcan, Hipra®, Spain). Owners were interviewed to gather data on dog related variables. They included date of birth, home address and frequency, duration and timing of insecticide treatments used to prevent ectoparasite infestations. The dog’s residence was georeferenced and environmental data potentially associated with the dog’s risk of L. infantum infection was obtained. A mixed logistic regression model was then developed to analyze the relationship between the dog’s serological status and insecticidal treatment adjusted for demographic and environmental variables. Overall, CanL seroprevalence (95% confidence limits) was 18% (16–21%) including 11% in dogs not using insecticide treatments (n = 60) and 19% in those using them (n = 740) (p > 0.05). At least 16 different insecticide products were used and 73%, 26% and 1% of dogs received 1, 2 and 3 products a year. The most frequent commercial brands used and the only ones in the market claiming anti-sandfly activity, were Scalibor collars (deltametrin 40 mg/g; MSD®), Advantix pipettes (permethrin 500 mg/ml and imidacloprid 100 mg/ml; Bayer®) and Exspot spot-on pipettes (permethrin 715 mg/ml; MSD®). Seroprevalence was 9%, 16%, 20%, 22% and 25% for dogs with Scalibor collars plus Advantix pipettes, Scalibor collars plus ExSpot pipettes, Advantix pipettes alone, Scalibor collars alone and Exspot pipettes alone, respectively. The multivariable model confirmed a significant reduction in the risk of Leishmania spp. seropositivity in dogs using the Scalibor and Advantix combination compared to those using either product alone and provided evidence of greatly increased risk of CanL in rural areas situated at 300–500 m altitude and average March–July temperatures of 18.6–19 ◦C. The study highlights the difficulty in controlling CanL infection by means of insecticide use alone and thatit could be improved by using the Scalibor and Advantix combination and identifying and targeting specific geographical areas.
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Spatial distribution of human asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in southeast Spain: a study of environmental, demographic and social risk factors
(Elsevier, 2015-03-20) Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Chitimia Dobler, Lidia; Rúa Tarín, Pilar de la; Bernal Gambín, Luis Jesús; Fisa, Roser; Riera, Cristina Ferri; Iborra Bendicho, Maria Asunción; Murcia, Laura; Segovia Hernández, Manuel; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
Recent PCR studies indicate that asymptomatic L. infantum infection is common in people in southern Europe. Understanding its spatial distribution is a requisite to evaluate the public health implications and to design disease control schemes. We investigated infection in blood samples from 657 donors in southeast Spain using PCR and antibody ELISA. They came from 19 blood centers and were interviewed about their residence, occupation, dog ownership and Leishmaniosis awareness. The percentage of PCR and ELISA positives were 8% (49/618) and 2% (13/657). Donor's residences were spatially clustered around blood donning centers and PCR prevalence was 18% in rural municipalities with 20–1330 inhabitants, 12% in those with 1467–5088 inhabitants and 3% in larger communities, and was associated with dog ownership (p < 0.05). Further analysis of data from rural donors indicated that PCR status was strongly related to the climate, altitude and soil type in the donor's residence area and not to other demographic or sociologic variables. Mixed logistic regression analysis predicted PCR prevalence to be greatest in the 200–300 m altitude range with a mean spring–summer (time of highest vector activity) temperature of 18.4–19.0 °C. A temperature and altitude risk map was generated that will provide the basis for elaborating evidence-based vector surveillance studies.
Open Access
The role of zoological centers as reservoirs of Leishmaniosis in urban áreas
(BioMed Central, 2017-04-19) Risueño, José; Muñoz, Clara; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Ortuño, María; Bernal, Luis Jesús; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Alten, Bulent; Berriatua, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Sanidad Animal
Background Leishmaniosis is associated with Phlebotomus sand fly vector density, but our knowledge of the environmental framework that regulates highly overdispersed vector abundance distributions is limited. We used a standardized sampling procedure in the bioclimatically diverse Murcia Region in Spain and multilevel regression models for count data to estimate P. perniciosus abundance in relation to environmental and anthropic factors. Methods Twenty-five dog and sheep premises were sampled for sand flies using adhesive and light-attraction traps, from late May to early October 2015. Temperature, relative humidity and other animal- and premise-related data recorded on site and other environmental data were extracted from digital databases using a geographical information system. The relationship between sand fly abundance and explanatory variables was analysed using binomial regression models. Results The total number of sand flies captured, mostly with light-attraction traps, was 3,644 specimens, including 80% P. perniciosus, the main L. infantum vector in Spain. Abundance varied between and within zones and was positively associated with increasing altitude from 0 to 900 m above sea level, except from 500 to 700 m where it was low. Populations peaked in July and especially during a 3-day heat wave when relative humidity and wind speed plummeted. Regression models indicated that climate and not land use or soil characteristics have the greatest impact on this species density on a large geographical scale. In contrast, micro-environmental factors such as animal building characteristics and husbandry practices affect sand fly population size on a smaller scale. Conclusions A standardised sampling procedure and statistical analysis for highly overdispersed distributions allow reliable estimation of P. perniciosus abundance and identification of environmental drivers. While climatic variables have the greatest impact at macro-environmental scale, anthropic factors may be determinant at a micro-geographical scale. These finding may be used to elaborate predictive distribution maps useful for vector and pathogen control programs.
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Investigations of Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies in rural Spain reveal strongly aggregated and gender-specific spatial distributions and advocate use of light-attraction traps
(Wiley, Royal Entomological Society, 2017-11-07) Muñoz, C.; Risueño, J.; Yilmaz, A.; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Ortuño, M.; Bernal, L. J.; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Alten, B.; Berriatua, E.; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Sanidad Animal
The spatial and temporal distribution of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Newstead, 1911), the sand fly vector of pathogens of public and animal health importance, was investigated in a high sand fly density rural area in Spain using light-attraction and sticky-interception traps. Traps were placed inside animal buildings and outside at increasing distance from animals. A total of 8506 sand flies were collected, 87% with light traps. Species frequency differed between trap types. The abundance of P. perniciosus decreased exponentially with increasing distance to animals and, while females were most common in the animal enclosure, males predominated in adjoining storage places. Increasing CO2 concentration had an additional positive effect on female abundance only. Both male and female density increased with rising temperature, and there was some indication that females were more active than males at higher relative humidity. The study confirms that P. perniciosus aggregates around animal premises, although male and female distributions differ and should be analysed separately to account for biological and behavioural differences. This provides further evidence that light traps offer an accurate estimation of the relative spatial and temporal abundance of P. perniciosus, conferring an added value for the study of this species and the risk of pathogen transmission.
Open Access
Density assessment and reporting for Phlebotomus perniciosus and other sand fy species in periurban residential estates in Spain
(2021-09) Muñoz Hernández, Clara; Risueño Iranzo, José; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Bernal Gambín, Luis Jesús; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Sánchez-López, P.F.; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Del Río Alonso, Laura; De la Rúa Tarín, Pilar; García Martínez, Juan Diego; Murcia, Laura; Collantes Alcaraz, Francisco; Spitzova, T.; Elshanat, S.; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Sanidad Animal
Green periurban residential areas in Mediterranean countries have flourished in the last decades and become foci for leishmaniasis. To remedy the absence of information on vector ecology in these environments, we examined phlebotomine sand fly distribution in 29 sites in Murcia City over a 3-year period, including the plots of 20 detached houses and nine non-urbanized sites nearby. We collected 5,066 specimens from five species using "sticky" interception and light attraction traps. The relative frequency of the main Leishmania infantum vector Phlebotomus perniciosus in these traps was 32% and 63%, respectively. Sand fly density was widely variable spatially and temporally and greatest in non-urbanized sites, particularly in caves and abandoned buildings close to domestic animal holdings. Phlebotomus perniciosus density in house plots was positively correlated with those in non-urbanized sites, greatest in larger properties with extensive vegetation and non-permanently lived, but not associated to dog presence or a history of canine leishmaniasis. Within house plots, sand fly density was highest in traps closest to walls. Furthermore, the study provides a guideline for insect density assessment and reporting and is envisioned as a building block towards the development of a pan-European database for robust investigation of environmental determinants of sand fly distribution.
Open Access
Epidemiological and genetic studies suggest a common Leishmania infantum transmission cycle in wildlife, dogs and humans associated to vector abundance in southeast Spain
(SAGE Publications, 2018-05-22) Risueño, J.; Ortuño, M.; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Maia, C.; Cortes, S.; Campino, L.; Bernal, L. J.; Muñoz, C.; Martínez-Rondán, F.J.; Collantes, F.; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Martínez-Carrasco, C.; Berriatua, E.; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Sanidad Animal
Leishmania infantum infection was investigated in 202 wild carnivores, rodents and lagomorphs in Southeast Spain using a real-time PCR (rtPCR) in skin and organ samples, mostly spleen. Lesions compatible with leishmaniosis were not observed in any of the animals. Prevalence defined as the percentage of rtPCR-positive animals was 32% overall, and 45% in foxes (n = 69), 30% in rabbits (n = 80) and stone martens (n = 10), 19% in wood mice (n = 16), 0% in black rats (n = 10) and ranged between 0% and 100% in other minoritarian species including badgers, wild cats, wolves, raccoons, genets and hares. Most infected rabbits were rtPCR-positive in skin and not in spleen samples and the opposite was the case for foxes (p < 0.05). L. infantum prevalence was lowest in spring following months of non-exposure to phlebotomine sand fly vectors, and spatially matched recently estimated Phlebotomus perniciosus vector abundance and the prevalence of subclinical infection in dogs and humans. Prevalence increased with altitude and was greater in drier and less windy South and West compared to the coastal Southeast of the study area (p < 0.05). Genetic diversity of L. infantum from foxes, investigated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms of kinetoplast DNA, revealed B genotype in all animals, which is frequent in people and dogs in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. The study provides further evidence that subclinical L. infantum infection is widespread in wildlife with prevalence depending on environmental factors and that parasite tissue tropism may vary according to host species. Moreover, it suggests that sylvatic and domestic transmission cycles are closely interconnected.
Open Access
Understanding Phlebotomus perniciosus abundance in south-east Spain: assessing the role of environmental and anthropic factors
(BioMed Central, 2017-04-19) Risueño Iranzo, José; Muñoz Hernández, Clara; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Ortuño, María; Bernal Gambín, Luis Jesús; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana María; Alten, Bulent; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
Background: Leishmaniosis is associated with Phlebotomus sand fly vector density, but our knowledge of the environmental framework that regulates highly overdispersed vector abundance distributions is limited. We used a standardized sampling procedure in the bioclimatically diverse Murcia Region in Spain and multilevel regressionmodels for count data to estimate P. perniciosus abundance in relation to environmental and anthropic factors. Methods: Twenty-five dog and sheep premises were sampled for sand flies using adhesive and light-attraction traps, from late May to early October 2015. Temperature, relative humidity and other animal- and premise-related data recorded on site and other environmental data were extracted from digital databases using a geographical information system. The relationship between sand fly abundance and explanatory variables was analysed using binomial regression models. Results: The total number of sand flies captured, mostly with light-attraction traps, was 3,644 specimens, including 80% P. perniciosus, the main L. infantum vector in Spain. Abundance varied between and within zones and was positively associated with increasing altitude from 0 to 900 m above sea level, except from 500 to 700 m where it was low. Populations peaked in July and especially during a 3-day heat wave when relative humidity and wind speed plummeted. Regression models indicated that climate and not land use or soil characteristics have the greatest impact on this species density on a large geographical scale. In contrast, micro-environmental factors such as animal building characteristics and husbandry practices affect sand fly population size on a smaller scale. Conclusions: A standardised sampling procedure and statistical analysis for highly overdispersed distributions allow reliable estimation of P. perniciosus abundance and identification of environmental drivers. While climatic variables have the greatest impact at macro-environmental scale, anthropic factors may be determinant at a microgeographical scale. These finding may be used to elaborate predictive distribution maps useful for vector and pathogen control programs.