Pina, David

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Pina, David

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Pina, David

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Psiquiatría y Psicología Social

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Open Access
Classification accuracy and resistance to coaching of the Spanish version of the Inventory of Problems -29 and the Inventory of Problems - Memory: a simulation study with mTBI patients
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-08-24) Pina, David; Puente López, Esteban; Rambaud Quiñones, Paula; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Nieto Cañaveras, María Dolores; Shura, Robert D.; Alcazar Crevillén, Andrés; Martinez Jarreta, Begoña; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the classification accuracy and resistance to coaching of the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) and the IOP-Memory (IOP-M) with a Spanish sample of patients diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and healthy participants instructed to feign. Method: Using a simulation design, 37 outpatients with mTBI (clinical control group) and 213 non-clinical instructed feigners under several coaching conditions completed the Spanish versions of the IOP-29, IOP-M, Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, and Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. Results: The IOP-29 discriminated well between clinical patients and instructed feigners, with an excellent classification accuracy for the recommended cutoff score (FDS ≥ .50; sensitivity = 87.10% for coached group and 89.09% for uncoached; specificity = 95.12%). The IOP-M also showed an excellent classification accuracy (cutoff ≤ 29; sensitivity = 87.27% for coached group and 93.55% for uncoached; specificity = 97.56%). Both instruments proved to be resistant to symptom information coaching and performance warnings. Conclusions: The results confirm that both of the IOP measures offer a similarly valid but different perspective compared to SIMS when assessing the credibility of symptoms of mTBI. The encouraging findings indicate that both tests are a valuable addition to the symptom validity practices of forensic professionals. Additional research in multiple contexts and with diverse conditions is warranted.
Open Access
Evaluation of School Climate Behaviors in the School Context: CONVIVE Questionnaire
(SAGE Publications, 2021-03-05) Pina, David; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Ruiz Fernández, Carmen María; Llor Zaragoza, Laura; Pagán Escribano, María; Jiménez Barbero, José Antonio; Puente López, Esteban; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
School climate research has traditionally been carried out by separating its two main components, prosocial and antisocial behaviors. This is often a partial view of the school climate. Hence, the goal of this study is to develop an evaluation instrument (CONVIVE) that takes into account both perspectives of the school climate through a dual-strategy design, psychometric and non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive-comparative. The sample includes 600 Primary and Secondary Education students from a southeastern region of Spain. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factorial Analysis fit indices were used for the psychometric study. The result is a 26-item instrument (CONVIVE) made up of four scales that evaluate antisocial and prosocial behaviors, both performed toward others and received by peers: Prosocial Behavior Actor, Prosocial Behavior Receiver, Antisocial Behavior Actor, and Antisocial Behavior Receiver. These behaviors differ as a function of sex and the educational stage.
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Rating criteria of the causal nexus in Whiplash Associated Disorders: a study of interrater reliability
(Elsevier, 2020-06-21) Pina, David; Represas Vázquez, Carlos; Puente López, Esteban; Luna Maldonado, Aurelio; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Llor Esteban, Bartolomé; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Introduction The diagnosis of Whiplash Associated Disorders is subject to various criteria, some of a subjective nature, which impedes a high percentage of agreement among raters of the causal nexus. It is necessary to develop an evidence-based methodology to maximize the uniformity of this diagnosis. Our objective is to assess the interrater reliability of four experts in legal medicine who establish the causal nexus of traffic accident patients. Material and method 300 traffic accident patients evaluated by 4 legal medicine experts. They conducted two ratings, one without and one with a study of the biomechanics of the accident. The degree of concordance of the ratings was studied by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the concordance index (CI). Results The results of both the intraclass correlation coefficient and the concordance index of the rating prior to the biomechanical study of the injury yield moderate-high values (ICC=.70; CI=.60). Likewise, the values observed in the rating with the study of biomechanics also indicate moderate-high agreement (ICC=.78, CI=.67). Conclusions The study of biomechanics slightly improves concordance. However, the aforementioned study does not help to reduce the proportion of doubtful cases and the levels of improvement are not acceptable. There are significant differences between the classifications, suggesting that the proposed valuation methodology is not uniform enough to reach a consensus. -------------
Open Access
Attitudes towards school violence: a qualitative study with Spanish children
(SAGE Publications, 2022) Llor Esteban, Bartolomé; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Luna Maldonado, Aurelio; Puente López, Esteban; Pina, David; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
School violence is a social issue of particular interest both for intervention and research. Attitudes towards violence have been reported in the literature as relevant variables for evaluation, prevention, and intervention in this field. This study aims to examine in-depth attitudes toward school violence. The sample consists of 96 participants from Spanish Elementary Education and Compulsory Secondary Education schools. A qualitative study was conducted through focus groups and thematic analysis of the data. The results identify a habitual set of attitudes towards violence in children. These are related to violence as a way to feel better or increase self-esteem, as leisure or fun, perceived as legitimate, when violence is exercised against those who are different, when it has no consequences, to resolve conflicts, to socialize, and to attract the attention of peers. These results could serve as a basis for the creation of evaluation tools, as well as the design of prevention and intervention plans based on attitude modification.
Open Access
Adaptación y validación del Cuestionario de Actitudes hacia la Violencia (CAHV) en una muestra de adolescentes de Perú
(Universidad de Vigo, 2024-11-04) Pina, David; Montes Iturrizaga, Iván; Franco Chalco, Eduardo; Zeladita Huamán, Jhon Alex; Puente López, Esteban; Cascales Martínez, Andrea; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Las actitudes hacia la violencia son un factor predictor del comportamiento violento en el contexto escolar. El Cuestionario de Actitudes Hacia la Violencia (CAHV) es uno de los instrumentos de evaluación más utilizados en este contexto. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue la adaptación y validación del cuestionario (CAHV) a adolescentes peruanos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 643 estudiantes de educación básica de Lima Metropolitana, Perú (M = 12,8; DT=1,32, rango: 11-16, 54,9% hombres) obtenida mediante muestreo no probabilístico. Se analizó la estructura interna y factorial, así como la invarianza según el sexo. Finalmente, se obtuvo un modelo unidimensional para cada una de las 4 escalas, con 5 ítems cada una. Se obtuvieron adecuados índices de ajuste y valores adecuados de consistencia interna (α = ,748-,782). Los resultados obtenidos señalan que el CAHV es un instrumento útil, fiable y válido, con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar las actitudes hacia la violencia en adolescentes peruanos escolarizados.
Embargo
“Count on me” Program to improve school coexisting in primary education
(Elsevier, 2021-08) Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Llor Esteban, Bartolomé; Matás Castillo, Mercedes; Pagán Escribano, María; Puente López, Esteban; Pina, David; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Background: After the family, school is the most important system of interpersonal relationships and socialization for children. Acceptance or rejection in the peer group, as well as relationships with the models of authority represented by teachers and parents, have profound consequences on children’s subsequent emotional and social development, depending on whether relationships are based on respect or violence. Achieving a safe school environment is a challenge and a need for children’s adequate psychosocial development. Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve school coexistence in Primary Education, based on its effects on the perception of the frequency of antisocial and prosocial behaviors among peers. Participants and settings: The subjects of the study were 256 Primary Education children aged between 9 and 12 years (145 in the experimental group and 111 in the control group). Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with control group. All participants completed a protocol that included sociodemographic data, cohabitation issues, five self-administered questionnaires, and a question on sincerity in the pretest and posttest phases. The intervention with the experimental group consisted of a module of eight face-to-face sessions and a peer mediation module throughout the entire academic year. Results: The results show a change in the trend of perceived violence. The groups, initially different (A higher rate of antisocial behaviors in the experimental group), were similar after the decrease in the intervention group’s antisocial behavior indicators. The initially similar indicators of prosocial behavior varied, increasing significantly in the experimental group. Conclusions: These findings support the need to incorporate into primary education awareness and reflection on the concept of violence, as well as the habit of alternative reactions to violent behavior, through social dialogue procedures and peaceful conflict resolution.
Open Access
Tough love lessons: lateral violence among hospital nurses
(MDPI, 2021-08-31) Vidal Alves, Maria Joao; Pina, David; Puente López, Esteban; Luna Maldonado, Aurelio; Luna Ruiz-Cabello, Aurelio; Magalhães, Teresa; Pina López, Yolanda; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Martínez Jarreta, Begoña; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Background: Workplace violence is a growing social problem among many professions, but it particularly affects the health sector. Studies have mainly focused on evaluating user violence toward health professionals, with less attention being paid to other sources of conflict, such as co-workers themselves. There are different manifestations of this violence in what has been called a context of tolerated or normalized violence among co-workers. However, its effects are far from being tolerable, as they have an impact on general health and job satisfaction and contribute to burnout among professionals. Based on this idea, and following the line of the previous literature, nursing staff are a population at high risk of exposure to workplace violence. For this reason, the present study aims to evaluate exposure to lateral violence or violence among co-workers in nursing staff in public health services and the relationship of this exposure with some of the most studied consequences. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional associative study was carried out in which scales of workplace violence (HABS-CS), burnout (MBI-GS), job satisfaction (OJS), and general health (GHQ-28) were applied to a sample of 950 nursing staff from 13 public hospitals located in the southeast of Spain. (3) Results: The results show that nursing staff have a high exposure to violence from their co-workers, which is more common in male nurses. Greater exposure is observed in professionals with between 6 and 10 years of experience in the profession, and it is not characteristic of our sample to receive greater violence when they have less experience or are younger. A positive correlation is observed with high levels of burnout and a negative correlation with general health and job satisfaction. (4) Conclusions: The results of this work contribute to increasing the scientific evidence of the consequences of a type of workplace violence frequent among nursing staff and to which less attention has been paid in relative terms to other types of prevalent violence. Organizations should be aware of the importance of this type of workplace violence, its frequency and impact, and implement appropriate prevention policies that include the promotion of a culture that does not reward violence or minimize reporting. A change of mentality in the academic environment is also recommended in order to promote a more adequate training of nursing staff in this field.
Open Access
The Impact of different forms of coaching on the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symtomatology (SIMS)
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2022-06-14) Pina, David; Puente López, Esteban; Shura, Robert; Boskovic, Irena; Martínez Jarreta, Begoña; Merten, Thomas; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
Background: Psychometric symptom validity instruments (SVTs) can be vulnerable to coaching, which can negatively affect their performance. Our aim was to assess the impact that different types of coaching may have on the sensitivity of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). Methods: A simulation design was used with 232 non-clinical adults divided into five experimental simulation conditions and 58 patients with anxious-depressive symptomatology derived from a traffic accident. All simulators received a basic scenario and, in addition, the second group was instructed on the symptomatology, the third was warned about the risk of exaggerating the presentation, the fourth received a combination of the two previous groups and the fifth received specific training on SVTs. Results: The discriminative ability of the SIMS was higher in the basic and symptom information groups, and it decreased significantly in the specific training group on SVTs. Conclusions: SIMS seems not to be severely impacted by a variety of symptom coaching styles, although test coaching diminished its performance. ------------
Open Access
Whiplash-associated disorders. Biopsychosocial profiles of pain perception in forensic cases of victims of motor vehicle accidents
(Frontiers Media, 2021-08-01) Pina, David; Puente López, Esteban; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Luna Ruiz-Cabello, Aurelio; Aguerrevere, Luis; Magalhães, Teresa; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
In order to make a complete diagnosis of all the factors influencing whiplash associated disorders (WAD), the evidence suggests that the condition evaluation should follow an integrated biopsychosocial model. This perspective would offer a fuller view of it, recognizing the interplay between the medical, biomechanical, social, and psychological factors. Despite the progress made in the subject, evidence of which psychosocial factors influence the experience of pain in litigant WAD patients is limited. A cross-sectional design and a cluster analysis was used to study the experience of pain and the psychosocial factors included therein in 249 patients with WAD assessed after suffering a motor vehicle accident. Three clusters were obtained: C1, with low scores of pain and a slight-moderate alteration of the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL); C2, with medium scores of pain, alteration of HRQoL and a perception of moderate disability; and C3, with medium-high scores of pain, alteration of the HQoL, perception of moderate disability, presence of anxious-depressive symptomatology, poorer comprehension of the condition suffered, and the belief that it will extend over a long period of time. The results show a heterogeneous experience of pain in WAD, compatible with the biopsychosocial model of disease and the multidimensional approach to pain. The role of the psychologist in the evaluation of the condition could be useful to obtain a complete view of the condition, thus ensuring that the treatment is adapted to the needs of the patient.
Open Access
Intimate Partner Violence: perspective of convicts and psychologists of penitentiary institutions. A Qualitative analysis with focus groups
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Cormos, Lucía S.; Godoy Fernández, Carmen; Puente López, Esteban; García Jiménez, Jesús Javier; Marín Talón, María C.; Ruiz Hernández, José A.; Pina, David
Intimate Partner Violence is a complex process in which individual, relational and contextual variables intervene. The aim of this study was to explore coping strategies and relational dynamics in conflict situa-tions involving people convicted of intimate partner violence with their partners. Focus groups were conducted with convicted intimate partner violence offenders (12 participants) and with psychology professionals (4 participants). The data were explored through thematic analysis following the Nested Ecological Model. The group of convicted perpetrators showed roles of authority and superiority over the woman, a feeling of vulnerability and rejection of the existing legal framework, fear of being arrested for wanting to continue the relationship, the need to control the partner driven by jealousy, justification or denial of responsibility in violent situations or instrumentalization of the children in common. The professionals point out cultural aspects that facilitate violent patterns and roles in the couple's dynamics, communication problems, denial or low awareness of the crime, among other issues. The results are of special interest both for profession-als who wish to learn or deepen their knowledge on the subject, as well as for those who work in intervention and/or prevention of intimate partner violence.