Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar

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Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar

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Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte

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Open Access
Validity and reliability of new the Basic Functional Assessment protocol (BFA)
(MDPI, 2020-07-05) Gil López, María Isabel; Martínez Pozo, David; Hernández García, Raquel; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Aparicio Sarmiento, Alba; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
The global evaluation of motion patterns can examine the synchrony of neuromuscular control, range of motion, strength, resistance, balance and coordination needed to complete the movement. Visual assessments are commonly used to detect risk factors. However, it is essential to define standardized field-based tests that can evaluate with accuracy. The aims of the study were to design a protocol to evaluate fundamental motor patterns (FMP), and to analyze the validity and reliability of an instrument created to provide information about the quality of movement in FMP. Five tasks were selected: Overhead Squat (OHS); Hurdle Step (HS); Forward Step Down (FSD); Shoulder Mobility (SM); Active Stretching Leg Raise (ASLR). A list of variables was created for the evaluation of each task. Ten qualified judges assessed the validity of the instrument, while six external observers performed inter-intra reliability. The results show that the instrument is valid according to the experts’ opinion; however, the reliability shows values below those established. Thus, the instrument was considered unreliable, so it is recommended to repeat the reliability process by performing more training sessions for the external observers. The present study creates the basic functional assessment (BFA), a new protocol which comprises five tasks and an instrument to evaluate FMP.
Open Access
A Meta-Analysis of the Reliability of Four Field-Based Trunk Extension Endurance Tests
(MDPI, 2020-04-29) de Ste Croix, Mark; Vera-García, Francisco J; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Sánchez Meca, Julio; Actividad Física y Deporte
This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the inter- and intra-tester reliability of endurance measures obtained through trunk extension field-based tests and to explore the influence of the moderators on the reliability estimates. The reliability induction rate of trunk extension endurance measures was also calculated. A systematic search was conducted using various databases, and subsequently 28 studies were selected that reported intraclass correlation coeﬃcients for trunk extension endurance measures. Separate meta-analyses were conducted using a random-eﬀects model. When possible, analyses of potential moderator variables were carried out. The inter-tester average reliability of the endurance measure obtained from the Biering-Sorensen test was intraclass correlation coeﬃcient (ICC)= 0.94. The intra-session reliability estimates of the endurance measures recorded using the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the prone double straight-leg test were ICC= 0.88, 0.90, and 0.86, respectively. The inter-session average reliability of the endurance measures from the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the dynamic extensor endurance test were ICC= 0.88, 0.95, and 0.99, respectively. However, due to the limited evidence available, the reliability estimates of the measures obtained through the prone isometric chest raise, prone double straight-leg, and dynamic extensor endurance tests should be considered with a degree of caution. Position control instruments, tools, and familiarization session demonstrated a statistical association with the inter-session reliability of the Biering-Sorensen test. The reliability induction rate was 72.8%. Only the trunk extension endurance measure obtained through the Biering-Sorensen test presented suﬃcient scientific evidence in terms of reliability to justify its use for research and practical purposes.
Open Access
Efecto del nivel de experiencia clínica del examinador sobre la validez de criterio y fiabilidad inter-sesión de cinco medidas del rango de movimiento de la flexión dorsal del tobillo
(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2015) Gómez Jiménez, Fernando; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto que el diferente grado de experiencia del examinador tiene sobre la validez de criterio y fiabilidad inter-sesión de las medidas de rango de movimiento de la flexión dorsal del tobillo (ROMFDT) obtenidas en las pruebas: flexión dorsal del tobillo pasiva en decúbito prono y rodilla flexionada (FDPAS), zancada con inclinómetro (FDZAN-INC) y cinta métrica (FDZAN-MET), zancada modificada con taburete (FDZAN-TAB) y zancada modificada con cajón (FDZAN-CAJ). Un total de 17 deportistas recreativos completaron este estudio. Cada participante fue evaluado por dos examinadores con distinto nivel de experiencia (experto y novel) del ROMFDT empleando 5 pruebas exploratorias diferentes en dos sesiones distintas. Los resultados muestran bajos valores de validez para el examinador novel en todas las pruebas de valoración del ROMFDT excepto en la prueba FDZAN-INC (error típico de la estimación estandarizado = 0,5 [pequeño]; Pearson = 0,85 [moderado]; kappa = 0,74 [buena]). El examinador experto presentó niveles altos de fiabilidad inter-sesión en las pruebas FDZAN-INC, FDZAN-MET y FDZAN-CAJ y valores aceptables en las pruebas FDPAS y FDZAN-TAB. El examinador novel obtuvo valores aceptables de fiabilidad en toda las pruebas de valoración excepto en la prueba FDPAS, que fueron considerados como no aceptables. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que tanto los examinadores expertos como noveles utilicen la prueba FDZAN-INC para: (a) identificar a personas con restringida o normal movilidad de la flexión dorsal del tobillo; y (b) monitorizar la eficacia de los programas de intervención aplicados en caso de ser necesarios.
Open Access
Low range of shoulders horizontal abduction predisposes for shoulder pain in competitive young swimmers
(Frontiers Media, 2019-03-06) Carlos Gámez, Juan; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sánchez Castillo, Sheila; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología
The prevalence of shoulder pain (SP) among competitive swimmers is high, and may profoundly restrict their ability to compete. This prospective cohort study investigated the association between 3 blocks of performance factors (anthropometric characteristics, sport experience and training regimen) and the presence of SP. The aims of the present study were: (a): to determine the profile of shoulder flexibility in young swimmers, (b) to analyze whether a restricted range of movement (ROM) could be a predictor of subsequent SP in young swimmers. 24 competitive young swimmers were measured in the 2016 pre-season. Measures of passive maximal shoulder extension (SE), flexion (SF), horizontal abduction (SHAB), abduction (SAB), horizontal adduction (SHADD), external (SER) and internal (SIR) rotation ROMs were taken. SP was prospectively monitored during the subsequent season using questionnaires. The data was analyzed via a binary logistic regression and ROC curves were calculated. At the follow-up, 16 swimmers (50%) had developed unilateral SP. Only reduced SHAB ROM was associated with SP [SP group 36.6◦ vs. pain-free group 41.5◦ ; p = 0.005, d = −0.96 (moderate effect sizes)]. Using the coordinates of the curves, the angle of SHAB ROM that most accurately identified individuals at risk of developing SP was determined to be 39◦ (sensibility 0.656 and 0.375 specificity). Swimmers with limited ROM (≤39◦ ) have 3.6 times higher risk of developing SP than swimmers with normal ROM (>39◦ ). This study clearly shows that low range of SHAB is a risk factor for developing SP in competitive young swimmers. In the studied data, a SHAB range of 39◦ was found to be the most appropriate cut-off point for prognostic screening.
Open Access
Valoración del plano sagital de la columna vertebral y la extensibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural en gimnastas de trampolín
(2016-02-08) Rodríguez Iniesta, María; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte
Objetivos. Se valoró la disposición sagital de la columna vertebral en gimnastas especialistas en la modalidad de trampolín. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, en el que participaron 91 gimnastas de trampolín (47 mujeres y 44 varones) con una edad media de 15,57+4,69 años, y de 7+4,14 años de entrenamiento. La valoración se realizó en tres posiciones: bipedestación relajada, sedentación relajada y flexión máxima del tronco. En todas las posiciones se diferenció la curva dorsal y la lumbar. Para la cuantificación de los grados se utilizó un inclinómetro ISOMED Unilevel-95. Resultados. En bipedestación la cifosis dorsal media fue 44,25°+7,99°, la lordosis lumbar fue de 35,19°+10,11°. En máxima flexión del tronco desde la sedentación test dedos planta los grados de la curvatura dorsal y lumbar fueron de 58,02°+15,18° y 27,56°+8,16°. En sedentación relajada los grados de la curvatura dorsal y lumbar fueron de 50,16°+10,17° y 17,75°+9,74° respectivamente. Conclusiones. Los valores medios del plano sagital de los gimnastas especialistas en trampolín muestran en bipedestación valores de hipercifosis para la curva dorsal, con una lordosis lumbar normal. En la flexión máxima del tronco se observan valores normales para la cifosis dorsal y valores hipercifóticos para la curva lumbar. En sedentación se observan valores hipercifóticos tanto en la curva dorsal como en la lumbar. Los gimnastas presentan tendencia a una mayor cifosis dorsal en bipedestación y en flexión de tronco. Las gimnastas presentan tendencia a una mayor lordosis en bipedestación y menor cifosis lumbar en flexión y sedentación. Title: Assessment of the sagittal plane of the spine and hamstring extensibility in trampoline gymnasts. Author: María Rodríguez Iniesta. Directors: María del Pilar Sainz de Baranda Andújar; Fernando Santonja Medina; Francisco Ayala Rodríguez. Objetives. The sagittal plane of the spine was measured in trampoline gymnasts. Material and methods. In this cross-sectional study, 91 club-level trampoline gymnasts (47 females and 44 males) participated. They had a mean age of 15,57+4,69 years and had participated in this sport for 7+4,14 years. The sagittal plane was measured in three positions: standing, seated, and maximal trunk flexion. In all positions the thoracic and lumbar curvature angular values were measured using an ISOMED Unilevel-95 inclinometer. Results. Average standing thoracic kyphosis was 44,25°+7,99°, and average standing lumbar lordosis was 35,19°+10,11°. In seated forward flexion, the measurements for the thoracic and lumbar spines were 57.94º+15º and 27.72º+7.51º. In slumped sitting, the measurements for the thoracic and lumbar spines were 50,16°+10,17° y 17,75°+9,74°, respectively. Conclusions. The average values of the sagittal plane in these trampoline gymnasts demonstrate hyperkyphosis for the thoracic curvature and normal lordosis for the lumbar curvature when standing. For maximal trunk flexion normal values were found in the thoracic curvature and hyperkyphotic values were found in the lumbar curvature. For seated positions hyperkyphotic values were found in the thoracic and lumbar curvatures. Male gymnasts tend to have more dorsal kyphosis in standing and maximal trunk flexion. The female gymnasts tend to have greater lordosis in standing and lesser lumbar kyphosis in trunk flexion and in seated position.
Open Access
Effects of age and maturation on lower extremity range of motion in male youth soccer players
(2022-05) De Ste Croix, Mark; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Robles Palazón, Francisco Javier; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Actividad Física y Deporte
Restricted joint range of motion (ROM) has been considered as a primary risk factor for some sport-related injuries. Consequently, pre-participation assessment of lower extremity joints ROM could help identify youth soccer players at high risk of injury and to aid in the design of tailored age and maturational specific training interventions. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the influence of chronological age and maturational stage on several lower extremity ROM measures, as well as to describe the lower extremity ROM profile using a comprehensive approach in youth soccer players. A total of 286 male youth soccer players ROM was assessed including: passive hip (extension [PHE], adduction with hip flexed 90º [PHADHF90º], flexion with knee flexed [PHFKF] and extended [PHFKE], abduction with hip neutral [PHABD] and flexed 90º [PHABDHF90º], external [PHER] and internal [PHIR] rotation), knee (flexion [PKF]) and ankle (dorsiflexion with knee flexed [ADFKF] and extended [ADFKE]) ROMs. Between-group differences were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and magnitude-based decisions. The results only report statistically significant (p < 0.05; d > 0.5) and clinically relevant differences (> 8º) for the PKF ROM between U12 vs. U19, and Pre-PHV vs. Post-PHV groups. Furthermore, approximately 40%, 35% and 20% of players displayed restrictions in their PHFKE, PKF, and ADFKF ROM values, respectively. These findings emphasize the necessity of prescribing (across all age groups and periods of growth and maturation) compensatory measures in daily soccer training, and these exercises should be equally applied to both limbs with the aim of improving PHFKE, PKF and ADFKF ROM values.
Open Access
Fiabilidad de 2 pruebas de valoración del rango de movimiento del tobillo en jugadores de balonmano
(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, 2012) Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Santonja Medina, Fernando
Open Access
Clasificación de los valores de rango de movimiento de la extremidad inferior en jugadores de fútbol sala
(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2017) Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando
Objetivo: Clasificar los valores de flexibilidad de la extremidad inferior en jugadores de la 2ª División de la Liga Nacional de fútbol sala. Método: 60 jugadores fueron valorados mediante la versión básica del protocolo ROM-SPORT. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y por percentiles para clasificarlos valores de los siete movimientos evaluados. Resultados y conclusión: El presente estudio define el perfil normal de flexibilidad de la extremidad inferior en un rango de valores entre 8-17º para la extensión de cadera, 39-45º para la flexión de tobillo con rodilla extendida, 40-47º para la flexión de tobillo con rodilla flexionada, 42-47º para la abducción de cadera, 76-96º para la flexión de cadera con rodilla extendida, 116-139º para la flexión de rodilla y 141-147º para la flexión de cadera. Valores superiores a este rango se pueden considerar dentro del perfil óptimo mientras que valores inferiores se pueden considerar dentro del perfil limitado.
Open Access
Prevalence and characteristics of back pain in children and adolescents from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS programme
(MDPI, 2022-01-15) Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
Puberty is a vulnerable period for musculoskeletal disorders due to the existence of a wide inter-individual variation in growth and development. The main objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence of back pain (BP) in the past year and month in school-aged children according to sex, age, maturity status, body mass index (BMI) and pain characteristics. This study involved 513 students aged between 9 and 16 years. Anthropometric measures were recorded to calculate the maturity stage of the students using a regression equation comprising measures for age, body mass, body height, sitting height and leg length. An ad hoc questionnaire composed of eight questions was used to describe BP prevalence in school-aged children. The results showed that the prevalence of BP in school-aged children was observed in 35.1% over the last year (45% boys and 55% girls), and 17.3% (40.4% boys and 59.6% girls, with an association found between female sex and BP) in the last month. The prevalence of back pain in the past year and month was higher the older the students were, or the more pubertal development they had experienced. The prevalence of BP in the last year was also higher in those with overweight or obesity. After adjustment for sex, there was an association between BP and older age and higher BMI in boys and an association between BP and higher pubertal development in girls. In summary, the present study showed that the prevalence of BP was related to the maturity stage and weight of the participants, with different prevalence patterns found according to sex.
Open Access
Procedimientos de exploración y valores de referencia del rango de movimiento de la abducción de la cadera en deportistas. ¿Una herramienta en la prevención de lesiones?
(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte
El rango de movimiento limitado de la abducción de la cadera por una menor extensibilidad o cortedad de los aductores predispone a ciertas lesiones deportivas. Las pruebas angulares de la Abducción de la Cadera con Pierna Recta y la Abducción de la Cadera en Flexión deben incluirse en cualquier evaluación deportiva músculo-esquelética. La utilización de ambas pruebas exploratorias permitirá evaluar especificamente la extensibilidad aductora. Para la medición del rango será necesario el uso de un goniómetro de rama larga y de un inclinómetro con varilla telescópica. De manera general, se han encontrado elevados valores de fiabilidad relativa y absoluta en el test ABPR. Por el contrario, no se han encontrado estudios que analicen la fiabilidad del test ABF