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Título: | The hypertrophic chondrocyte: To be or not to be |
Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
Editorial: | Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia |
Cita bibliográfica: | Histology and Histopathology Vol. 36, nº10 (2021) |
ISSN: | 0213-3911 1699-5848 |
Materias relacionadas: | CDU::6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina::616 - Patología. Medicina clínica. Oncología |
Palabras clave: | Growth plate Hypertrophy Chondrocyte Chondroclast Osteoblast Primary spongiosa Transdifferentiation Apoptosis Type X collagen Vascular endothelial growth factor Matrix metalloproteinase 9 Insulin like growth factor-1 Bone morphogenetic protein SRY-Box transcription factor 9 Runt-related transcription factor 2 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 |
Resumen: | Hypertrophic chondrocytes are the master regulators of endochondral ossification; however, their ultimate cell fates cells remain largely elusive due to their transient nature. Historically, hypertrophic chondrocytes have been considered as the terminal state of growth plate chondrocytes, which are destined to meet their inevitable demise at the primary spongiosa. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is accompanied by increased organelle synthesis and rapid intracellular water uptake, which serve as the major drivers of longitudinal bone growth. This process is delicately regulated by major signaling pathways and their target genes, including growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), indian hedgehog (Ihh), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), sex determining region Y-box 9 (Sox9), runt-related transcription factors (Runx) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). Hypertrophic chondrocytes orchestrate endochondral ossification by regulating osteogenic-angiogenic and osteogenic-osteoclastic coupling through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and matrix metallopeptidases-9/13 (MMP-9/13). Hypertrophic chondrocytes also indirectly regulate resorption of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix, by controlling formation of a special subtype of osteoclasts termed "chondroclasts". Notably, hypertrophic chondrocytes may possess innate potential for plasticity, reentering the cell cycle and differentiating into osteoblasts and other types of mesenchymal cells in the marrow space. We may be able to harness this unique plasticity for therapeutic purposes, for a variety of skeletal abnormalities and injuries. In this review, we discuss the morphological and molecular properties of hypertrophic chondrocytes, which carry out important functions during skeletal growth and regeneration. |
Autor/es principal/es: | Hallett, Shawn A. Ono, Wanida Ono, Noriaki |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10201/127896 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-355 |
Tipo de documento: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Número páginas / Extensión: | 16 |
Derechos: | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
Aparece en las colecciones: | Vol.36,nº10 (2021) |
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Fichero | Descripción | Tamaño | Formato | |
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Hallett-36-1021-1036-2021.pdf | 2,46 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizar/Abrir |
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