Capacidad predictiva de la inteligencia emocional en el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes

Abstract

El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar la capacidad predictiva de la inteligencia emocional (habilidad y mixta) sobre el bienestar subjetivo (cognitivo y afectivo), diferenciando la muestra masculina y la femenina, así como la adolescencia temprana y media. Participaron 1030 estudiantes de educación secundaria con edades comprendidas entre 11 a 19 años (M = 14.68, DT =1.73), de los cuales 579 eran chicas (56.2%) y 451 chicos (43.8%) residentes en la República Dominicana. Para medir la inteligencia emocional se utilizaron los cuestionarios Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS; Salovey y Mayer, 1990) y el Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version Short (EQ-i: YV-S; Bar-On y Parker, 2000); para medir el bienestar subjetivo se utilizaron la escala Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, y Griffin, 1985) y el Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, y Tellegen, 1988). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS, utilizando el procedimiento de regresión lineal múltiple. En general, los resultados señalan que la inteligencia emocional predice el bienestar subjetivo de manera más significativa en la muestra femenina en comparación con la muestra masculina sin que se observen diferencias importantes en cuanto a la edad.

The purpose of this study has been to analyze the predictive capacity of emotional intelligence (ability and mixed) on subjective well-being (cognitive and affective), differentiating between both genders male and female, as well as early and middle age adolescents. This research involved 1030 high school students aged between 11 and 19 years (M = 14.68, SD = 1.73), of whom 579 were girls (56.2%) and 451 were boys (43.8%), residents in the Dominican Republic. For measuring emotional intelligence, the Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS) and the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i: YV-S) questionnaires were used, and to measure subjective well-being the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were used. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical package SPSS, using multiple linear regression. In general, the results indicate that emotional intelligence predicts subjective well-being in a more significant way in the female sample in comparison with the male sample with no significant differences regarding age.