Naveg@mérica 2016, N. 16
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- PublicationOpen AccessPiratería y corso en La Española: 1550-1650.(2016-03-30) Cabezos Almenar, FranciscoThe aim of this study is to analyze briefly the presence of piracy in Hispaniola between mid-sixteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries, giving a brief insight about actors, characteristics and consequences so as to establish a relation between the piracy's development and the evolution of some aspects about the Island in this period.
- PublicationOpen AccessAutonomía y centralismo: la configuración del Estado y de la Nación chilena (1823-1830).(2016-03-30) Asken Montes, Byron S.El vacío de poder generado por la invasión napoleónica en la Península Ibérica activó el estallido de múltiples soberanías en toda la Monarquía hispánica en sustitución de la soberanía del monarca cautivo. Un mosaico de cuerpos políticos que desempeñaron un papel trascendental en los primeros momentos de la crisis monárquica, en la posterior configuración del movimiento independentista y, más adelante, en la organización de los incipientes Estados americanos. Chile, si bien aventajó a sus vecinos a la hora de consolidar un Estado estable, no escapó a las tendencias autonomistas, las que hallaron su máxima expresión en el periodo de la "Anarquía", intervalo entre dos dictaduras caracterizado por el enfrentamiento entre Santiago, antigua sede de la administración colonial y las provincias por la conducción en la construcción del Estado. En este artículo se pretende realizar una síntesis sobre dicho periodo basándonos en algunas de las más recientes investigaciones sobre el tema.
- PublicationOpen AccessCastellanos y leoneses en el gobierno americano bajo Carlos II (1674-1700).(2016-03-30) Sanz Tapia, AngelThis work offers an approximation to the study of those natives of Castile & Leon who held positions in the government of the 'Indies' between 1674 and 1700 ('presidentes-gobernadores de audiencia', 'gobernadores', 'alcaldes mayores' and 'corregidores'), some of whom were appointed solely on their merits and service, others upon the payment of a "donation" in coin, but most through both options together. Castile & Leon is in third place as far as Spain's regions are concerned in this aspect, with 55 men holding 57 positions, of which 28 were positions involving a 'monetary donation' totalling some 111,000 pesos of 8 silver reales. In their social situation, there is a great diversity of professions, dedication, categories, service, merits, social and family status, and other circumstances. However, worth noting is the fact that the majority had a valuable record of services to the Crown.
- PublicationOpen AccessVísperas de un nuevo mundo: biblioteca y testamento inédito del arzobispo Domingo Pantaleón Alvarez de Abreu (1683-1763).(2016-03-30) de Paz Sánchez, ManuelA critical review of available information on the origins of the family Alvarez de Abreu. Unpublished working documents as they are a testament and a library of 1739. An inventory of this library is performed. Various books and authors are studied. Regalism and its influence on the Spanish clergy is analyzed. It checks that the Archbishop Domingo Pantaleon Alvarez de Abreu is faithful to the principles of the Catholic Church.
- PublicationOpen AccessFormas de resistencia indígena en el mundo andino: el mito del "inkarri", el mesianismo andino en las rebeliones del siglo XVIII y su proyección al siglo XX.(2016-03-30) Fernández Pozo, Guillermo JoséThe Andean people have developed their own forms of resistance and rejection against efforts to dominate, oppress and suppress their customs and liberties. This essay will trace a pattern in their forms of resistance from the sixteenth century with the disappearance of the last independent Inca stronghold in Vilcabamba in 1572. The final resistance of Túpac Amaru in the said mountain range drove the expansion of the "inkarri" myth. The said myth served as the indigenous community´s symbol for their desire for freedom and for the return of their native customs and traditions in the eighteenth century, led by Juan Santos Atahualpa and Túpac Amaru II. Finally, this essay will reflect on the said movements and their relationship with messianism in the twentieth century.