Histology and histopathology Vol.27, nº 7 (2012)

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Open Access
Expression of basal cell keratin 15 and keratin 19 in oral squamous neoplasms represents diverse pathophysiologies
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Khanom, Rumana; Sakamoto, Kei; Kumar Pal, Samir; Shimada, Yasuyuki; Morita, Kei-ichi; Omura, Ken; Miki, Yoshio; Yamaguchi, Akira
Human epithelium contains keratin, which is expressed during differentiation. Depending on the target cell type, different types of keratin are expressed, and their alterations seem to represent changes in cell properties. The basal cells of oral epithelium express keratin 5 (K5), K14, K15 and K19, but their alterations in tumors are unclear. To address this issue and to seek possible diagnostic application, we examined the expression of these keratins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and squamous intraepithelial neoplasm (SIN). cDNA microarray analysis of 43 OSCC revealed slight upregulation of KRT14, downregulation of KRT15 and KRT19, and unaltered KRT5 expression. There were great variations in KRT15 and KRT19 expression across each cancer. Well-differentiated OSCC tended to express more KRT15 and less KRT19 compared to moderately- or poorly-differentiated OSCC. KRT15 was positively correlated with differentiation-related keratin, KRT13. These observations were further investigated by immunohistochemical examination. K5 and K14 were ubiquitously expressed in all 50 OSCC and 50 SIN examined. K15 and K19 were generally downregulated, but were considerably retained in about half of the cases and showed diverse expression patterns. K15-positive cancers tended to show a well-differentiated phenotype, and K19-positive cancers tended to show more invasive tumor fronts. Most K19-positive cancers appeared to develop with little associating SIN. K19 was consistently downregulated in SIN, while K15 was downregulated mainly in high grade SIN. In summary, K15 and K19, unlike K5 or K14, are expressed variably in both SIN and OSCC, which reflects the differences in their pathogenesis and biological behaviors, suggesting their prospective applications as markers for subclassifying OSCC and SIN
Open Access
Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure influences CYP4A distribution in the rat brain
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Qi, Li; Meng, LiWei; Li, YiFei; Qu, Yi
PaCO2 is an important factor in the regulation of cerebral circulation, and it is often used to reduce intracranial pressure through hyperventilation during neurosurgery. Changes in concentration can cause changes in CBF (cerebral blood flow). 20-HETE is a product of CYP4A-mediated AA (arachidonic acid) metabolism and is a powerful endogenous vasoconstrictor; however, its effect on cerebral vasoconstriction in cats, dogs and rats remains to be confirmed. It is known that changes in PaCO2 can influence the expression of CYP4A in the rat brain, demonstrating the important role of 20-HETE in the mechanism of CO2-mediated cerebrovascular reactivity. Thirty healthy adult male Wistar rats that weighed between 200 g and 250 g were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, and C; n=10): group A, normocapnia (PaCO2 was maintained at approximately 40-45 mmHg); group B, hypocapnia (PaCO2 was maintained at approximately 20-25 mmHg); and group C, hypercapnia (PaCO2 was maintained at approximately 60-65 mmHg). Physiological parameters, including HR (heart rate), MBP (mean blood pressure), PH and PaCO2 were recorded every 30 min, and there were no significant hemodynamic or body temperature differences. The head was removed after 3.5 h to investigate brain CYP4A by immunohistochemistry. Relative to group A, group B exhibited the following changes: an increased pH, decreased PaCO2, and increased brain CYP4A protein expression (P<0.05). In contrast, group C exhibited decreased PH, increased PaCO2 and decreased CYP4A protein expression (P<0.05). CO2 can decrease the expression of brain CYP4A during hypercapnia and increase its expression during hypocapnia
Open Access
Myeloid sarcoma and adenocarcinoma of the large bowel as collision tumors: a case report
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Rocca, Bruno Jim; Ambrosio, M; Gozzetti, A.; Bocchia, M.; Leoncini, L.; Lazzi, S.
Myeloid sarcoma is a rare tumor composed of myeloid cells, localized in an extramedullary site, which may be associated with a concurrent myeloid neoplasm involving the bone marrow, although such an association is not required. Most patients present with acute myeloid leukemia and their prognosis is poor. We describe the case of a 76-year old woman with an adenocarcinoma of the right colon infiltrating the subserosa synchronous with a myeloid sarcoma at the same site; one pericolic lymph node was infiltrated by both tumors. The peculiarities of this case are the clinical presentation (as an acute abdomen due to subserosa infiltration by the myeloid sarcoma), the coexistence of a myeloid sarcoma with an adenocarcinoma of the right colon, and the absence of progression to acute leukemia. Coexistence of myeloid sarcoma and adenocarcinoma in the colon is probably incidental, and so it appears likely that the two different tumours arose from different mechanisms. However, a possible common background is conceivable. Some authors have found that p53 has a pivotal role in driving the maturation of myeloid stem cells and p53 is, also, involved in colon carcinogenesis. In our case, it may be hypothesized that synchronous heterogeneous mutations occurred in different types of committed cells or in stem cells secondary to p53 loss. Since only one case report has evaluated the correlation between myeloid sarcoma and adenocarcinoma of the large bowel, further immunohistochemical and molecular studies are needed to clarify the pathogenetic relationship between them
Open Access
Immune response to the long-term grafting of cryopreserved small-diameter arterial allografts
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Rodríguez, M.; Pascual, G.; Pérez-Köhler, B.; Cifuentes, A.; Garcia-Honduvilla, N.; Bellón, J.M.; Buján, J.
Introduction. The viability and immunological response induced by cryopreserved arterial allografts remain unclear. This study examines the post-graft behaviour of this type of vessel substitute. Materials and methods. Both iliac arteries were extracted from Lewis rats (donors) and used to establish groups of allogeneic fresh (group I) or cryopreserved (group II) grafts in Fisher-344 rats (recipients). Cryopreserved segments for grafting were prepared by automated controlled freezing at a cooling rate of 1°C/min followed by storage in liquid nitrogen vapour at -145°C for 30 days. Before grafting, the vessels were slowly thawed. Animals were sacrificed at 14, 30, 90 and 180 days post-surgery when graft specimens were obtained for light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical detection of inflammatory cells (CD45, ED1, CD4, CD8). Results. After surgery, 85.71% of the grafts in group I and 82.14% in group II were patent. Following long-term implant, both the fresh and cryopreserved allografts showed complete loss of the muscle compartment of the media. Inflammatory or CD45-positive cells (mainly macrophages and CD8 T-lymphocytes) were detected at earlier time points in suture zones and adventitia. In the fresh allografts, the number of immunolabelled cells steadily increased until they were seen to occupy the entire adventitia at 90 days, with high numbers persisting at 6 months. In the cryopreserved allografts, this adventitial inflammatory infiltrate was significantly reduced. Conclusions. The cryopreservation/slow thawing protocol used diminished the immune response induced by fresh arterial allografts improving their behaviour after grafting.
Open Access
Recovery of the pubic symphysis on primiparous young and multiparous senescent mice at postpartum
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Consonni, Silvio Roberto; Giardini Rosa, Renata; Cavinato Nascimento, Maria Amália; Mendes Vinagre, Cristiane; Szymanski Toledo, Olga Maria; Pinto Joazeiro, Paulo
It has been observed that parturition has a significant effect on female skeletal architecture and that age alters musculoskeletal tissues and their functions. We therefore hypothesized that multiparity affects the recovery of the pubic symphysis in senescent mice at postpartum and the morphology of the interpubic tissues. The pubic symphysis of primiparous young, virgin senescent (VS) and multiparous senescent (MS) Swiss mice was examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry. The mouse pubic symphysis was remodeled during the first pregnancy: the cellular phenotype and morphology changed to ensure a structurally safe birth canal, followed by recovery of the interpubic articulation after birth. The morphology of the pubic symphysis in the VS group was maintained in a state similar to that observed in virgin young mice. In contrast, MS mice exhibited an interpubic ligament characterized by extended fibrocyte-like cells, an opened interpubic articulation gap, compacted and thin collagen fibrils and scarce galectin-3-positive cells. Thus, we found that the cellular and extracellular characteristics of the pubic symphysis were altered by multiparity in senescent mice. These particular tissue characteristics of the MS group might be associated with an impaired recovery process at postpartum. Thus, a better understanding of the alterations that occur in the birth canal, including the pubic symphysis, due to multiparity in reproductively aged mice may contribute to our comprehension of the biological mechanisms that modify the skeleton and pelvic ligaments and even play a role in the murine model of pelvic organ prolapse

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