Histology and histopathology Vol.30, nº9 (2015)
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- PublicationOpen AccessImmunohistochemical localization of LLC1 in human tissues and its limited expression in non-small cell lung cancer(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Chandra, Vishal; Choi, Yong-Bock; Hwang, Hai-Li; Lee, Jeong-Hwa; Park, Seong-Yeol; Kim, Hyun-Kyoung; Poojan, Shiv; Koh, Jae-Soo; Kim, Han-Seong; Hong, Kyeong-ManWe have shown both LLC1 expression in the lung epithelium by in situ hybridization and its inactivation in lung cancer by epigenetic modification. However, LLC1 protein’s cellular localization or its role in normal lung or cancer tissues has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody against recombinant LLC1 was produced, and immunohistochemical staining was performed on arrays including various human tissues, normal lung and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues for LLC1 localization. The immunohistochemical results showed LLC1 expression in the cilia of normal-airway epithelial cells and in the cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes in bronchiectatic patients, but no expression in most of the NSCLC tissues, which is consistent with our previous report positing LLC1 as a tumor suppressor. However, LLC1 over-expression in NSCLC cell lines NCI-H1299 and NCI-H23 did not show any change in proliferation or migration, which does not indicate any LLC1 tumorsuppressor role. As for the other human tissues, LLC1 was localized in renal tubular cells, pancreatic acinar cells, and epithelial cells of the stomach, duodenum, and gallbladder. In summary, our findings suggest that LLC1 is not a tumor suppressor, and that it is localized in the cilia of the normal lung epithelium but is absent in most NSCLC cases, probably due to the loss of cilia during lung carcinogenesis.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe influence of immunosuppressants on the morphology, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis in the rat ventral prostate(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Grabowska, Marta; Słuczanowska-Głąbowska, Sylwia; Kram, Andrzej; Teresiński, Leszek; Piasecka, Małgorzat; Podhorska-Okołów, Marzenna; Rotter, Iwona; Kędzierska, Karolina; Sporniak-Tutak, Katarzyna; Ciechanowski, Kazimierz; Laszczyńska, MariaAim: Analysis of the impact of immunosuppressants on apoptosis and PCNA in the rat ventral prostate. Method: The studies were performed on 48 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into a control group and 7 experimental groups. For 6 months, the rats were administered drugs such as: rapamycin (Rapa), cyclosporin A (CsA), tacrolimus (Tac), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and glucocorticosteroids (GS). During section of the rats, prostate ventral lobes were obtained. Morphological evaluation (HE, PAS), TUNEL assay, PCNA expression analysis and quantitative image computer analysis were performed. Results: The highest percentage of apoptosis in epithelial cells was observed in groups which received two combinations of drugs: (V) CsA, MMF, GS and (VII) Tac, MMF, GS. A much lower percentage of apoptotic epithelial cells was found in the groups where the treatment schemes included rapamycin throughout the duration of the study. Interestingly, the conversion of the treatment to rapamycin caused a significant reduction of apoptosis in epithelial cells as well as in proliferation in both epithelial and stromal cells. Conclusions: On one hand, the obtained results may explain the anticancer activity of rapamycin in reducing the proliferation of epithelial cells, and on the other hand the adverse effect of rapamycin in the form of reduced regeneration of these cells. Taking into account the prostate in isolation from other organs/systems, the dosage scheme with Rapa, Tac and GS would appear to be the most favorable, due to the smallest morphological changes.
- PublicationOpen AccessImpact of tumor angiogenic profile on the outcome of patients with metastatic breast carcinoma treated with weekly docetaxel. A Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG) study(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Kourea, Helen P.; Kotoula, Vassiliki; Koutras, Angelos; Alexopoulou, Zoi; Papaspirou, Irene; Skarlos, Dimosthenis V.; Efstratiou, Ioannis; Bobos, Mattheos; Zagouri, Flora; Papakostas, Pavlos; Pectasides, Dimitrios; Chrisafi, Sofia; Varthalitis, Ioannis; Aravantinos, Gerasimos; Kosmidis, Paris; Bafaloukos, Dimitrios; Scopa, Chrisoula D.; Fountzilas, GeorgeBackground: Metronomic taxane administration has putative antiangiogenic properties. Herein, we examined the baseline tumor angiogenic profile of patients with metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) in a prospective-retrospective translational research study. The interplay between the angiogenic factors expressed in the tumors and their prognostic value in MBC were investigated. Patients and Methods: Tumor tissues from patients with MBC treated with weekly docetaxel (n=159) were examined by immunohistochemistry for VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and osteopontin (OPN) and by mRNA analysis for expression of VEGF-A, VEGFxxxa, VEGFxxxb, VEGFC, thrombospondin-1 (THBS-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) genes. Associations between these parameters and outcome were statistically analyzed. Results: Statistically significant correlations were identified between almost all biomarkers examined in continuous form, particularly at the mRNA level: VEGFA with VEGFxxxa (rho=0.70); VEGF-C with VEGFxxxa, VEGFxxxb and VHL (rho=0.51, 0.60 and 0.44 respectively); HIF-1α with VEGF-C and THBS1 (rho=0.48 and 0.45). High VEGF-A mRNA was associated with worse survival (p=0.0279) and marginally with progression free survival (PFS). Intratumoral co-expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 proteins was associated with more favorable survival (p=0.0337). In multivariate analysis, only high VEGF-A mRNA levels retained their prognostic role for worse PFS and survival (PFS: HR=2.34, 95% CI=1.25-4.40, p=0.0080; survival: HR=3.15, 95% CI=1.48-6.72, p=0.0029). Conclusions: In MBC, this study confirms the adverse prognostic effect of high intratumoral VEGF-A mRNA and reveals the combined VEGFR-1/VEGFR-2 protein expression as a potentially favorable prognosticator, which merits further evaluation in larger studies.
- PublicationOpen AccessDiameter of involved nerves is a valuable prognostic factor for gastric cancer(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Zhou, Zhi-hua; Zhang, Jian-dong; Zhao, Hai-Bin; Wu, Yao-yiThe prognostic role of perineural invasion (PNI) in gastric cancer remains unclear. We hypothesized that the diameter of the tumor-involved nerves might be a useful indicator for prognosis. By labeling nerves and cancer cells in 204 cases of gastric cancer with single or double immunochemistry, we found that 146 cases were PNI positive and that 58 were PNI negative. For each case with PNI, the maximum diameter of the involved nerve was measured microscopically. Then, we correlated this parameter with the patients’ 5-year overall survival, and receiver operating curves were used to determine the cutoff value. We found that the optimal cutoff value for predicting 5-year survival was 65 µm (sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 70.0%). Next, all 204 patients were classified into two groups as follows: Group A, PNI-positive cases in which the largest involved nerves were ≥65 µm in diameter (110 cases); Group B, PNI-positive cases in which the largest involved nerves were <65 µm and all PNI-negative cases (94 cases). Compared with Group A, Group B had a better 5-year survival (74.5% vs 27.3%) and a better 5-year disease-free survival (63.8% vs 23.6%). Multivariate analysis suggested that a ≥65 µm maximum diameter of the involved nerves was an independent risk factor for both recurrence (P<0.001) and gastric cancer-related death (P<0.001) within 5 years. However, if all patients were classified simply based on whether PNI existed (regardless of the nerve size), this did not provide more information than traditional clinicopathological variables. In conclusion, the presence of cancer-involved nerves with a diameter ≥65 µm was a valuable prognostic factor for gastric cancer.
- PublicationOpen AccessHistopathological findings in the peritumoral edema area of human glioma(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Wang, Xingfu; Liu, Xueyong; Chen, Yupeng; Lin, Guoshi; Mei, Wenzhong; Chen, Jianwu; Liu, Ying; Lin, Zhixiong; Zhang, ShengPeritumoral brain edema (PTBE) is considered to be one of the main biological behaviors of brain glioma. However, the histopathological features of PTBE remain imprecisely defined. We analyzed the histopathological characteristics in the PTBE area of 22 cases of glioma. Microscopically, the pre-existing basic structure in the edema area was still preserved but there were varying degrees of loose tissue. The main components of the edema tissue were scattered invasive tumor cells, reactive cells, and various blood vessel patterns. Invasive tumor cell density was significantly higher in high-grade glioma than in low-grade glioma, and the density was significantly higher in the area near compared to the area far from the glioma. The Ki-67 proliferative index of the invasive tumor cells was higher in high-grade glioma than in low-grade glioma, but the index was not different in the area near compared to the area far from the glioma. The microvessel pattern in PTBE was primarily branching capillary. The microvessel densities (MVDs) of CD34+ and CD105+ were higher in high-grade glioma and the area near the glioma than in low-grade glioma and the area far from the glioma. Compared to CD34+, the MVD of CD105+ exhibited a more significant downward trend in terms of distance from the glioma. The most obvious types of reactive cells were reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. The reactive astrocytes were positive for nestin. The activated microglia emerged in the area near the glioma in most cases and in the area far from the glioma in more than half of the cases. In addition, several cases displayed focal collections of small lymphocytes around small blood vessels and tumor cells arranged around a neuronal cell, and a limited number of cases displayed giant dysmorphic neurons in an edematous cortex. Our data indicate that PTBE is a consequence of tissue reconstruction resulting from tumor cell invasion and is an appropriate niche for the growth and spread of glioma cells.
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