Histology and histopathology Vol.28, nº 7 (2013)

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    The expression of p73 in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and choroid plexus of spontaneously hypertensive rats
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Carmona-Calero, E.M.; Castañeyra-Ruiz, L.; González-Toledo, J.M.; Paz-Carmona, H. de; Brage, C.; Castañeyra-Ruiz, A.; Rancel-Torres, M.N.; González-Marrero, I.; Castañeyra-Perdomo, A.
    The p73 proteins are present in different kinds of cells of the central nervous system, such as the choroid plexus, circumventricular structures and neuroepithelium. It has been reported that spontaneously hypertensive rats show ventricular dilation, changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins and variations in the circumventricular structures such as the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and the choroid plexus, which are altered in ventricular dilation. The aim of the present work is to study p73 expression in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and the choroid plexus and its variations in high blood pressure. Brains from control Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats were used. The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and the choroid plexus were processed by immunohistochemistry and western blot with anti-TAp73. We found weaker markings in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and stronger markings in the choroid plexus of the hypertensive than the control rats. Therefore, hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rats produces alterations in choroid plexus protein p73 expression that is similar to that described for other circumventricular organs, but it is different in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. We can conclude that the functional balance between p73, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and choroid plexus, which is probably necessary to maintain the normal functioning of these structures, is altered by the hypertension found in these rats.
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    Intracellular distribution of the ΔNp73 protein isoform in medulloblastoma cells: a study with newly generated rabbit polyclonal antibodies
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Veselska, Renata; Neradil, Jakub; Nekulova, Marta; Dobrucka, Lucia; Vojtesek, Borivoj; Sterba, Jaroslav; Zitterbart, Karel
    The p73 protein is a member of the p53 family of transcription factors that has two N-terminal isoforms: the TAp73 isoform is reported to have a tumor suppressor function, whereas the ΔNp73 isoform likely has oncogenic potential. The expression of these isoforms and the differences in their intracellular distribution have been described in many cancer types; however, little is known about the p73 isoforms in brain tumors. Our study is focused on the intracellular localization of ΔNp73 in medulloblastoma cell lines. Due to a lack of suitable anti-ΔNp73 antibodies, we developed two new rabbit polyclonal antibodies, ΔNp73- 26 and Δ Np73-27, with sufficient specificity, as demonstrated by immunodetection methods using transiently transfected cell lines. Both of these new antibodies were subsequently used for analysis of the ΔNp73 distribution in medulloblastoma cells using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and immunogold labeling for transmission electron microscopy. We found a nuclear localization of the ΔNp73 isoform in all of the medulloblastoma cell lines included in this study. Furthermore, a non-random accumulation of the ΔNp73 isoform near the cell nuclei was observable in all of these cell lines. By double-labeling with ΔNp73 and golgin-97, we showed the co-localization of the ΔNp73 isoform with the Golgi apparatus. Nevertheless, further detailed analyses of possible interactions of ΔNp73 with the proteins accumulated in the Golgi apparatus should be performed to explain the dynamics of ΔNp73 outside the cell nucleus.
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    Expression of TRAIL and its receptors DR5 and DcR2 in orthodontic tooth movement
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Cardile, V.; Musumeci, G.; Sicurezza, E.; Caggia, S.; Rusu, M.C.; Leonardi, R.; Loreto, C.
    Background. TRAIL is a transmembrane protein that induces apoptosis in various tissues including alveolar bone. Its in vitro expression can be activated by several methods, such as RANKL administration and cell scraping. Expression of TRAIL and its receptors DR5 and DcR2 was examined in osteoclast-like cells to analyze their effects on cell lifespan and to explore their role in orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods. Osteoclast-like cells were differentiated from a mouse hematopoietic cell line by stimulation with RANKL for 24 h (T1), 72 h (T2) or 5 days (T3); some cultures were then scraped. Immunostaining for TRAIL, DR5 and DcR2 was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis in control and treated cells. Results. Significantly greater TRAIL expression was found in treated osteoclast-like cells at T1 and T3 both on immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. TRAIL expression peaked at T1 and T3 in correspondence with DcR2 and DR5 maxima, respectively. Conclusions. These data may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating tooth movement and to improve the accuracy of orthodontic treatments.
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    Selective in situ protein expression profiles correlate with distinct phenotypes of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Stelkovics, E.; Kiszner, G.; Meggyeshazi, N.; Korom, I.; Varga, E.; Nemeth, I.; Molnar, J.; Marczinovits, I.; Krenacs, T.
    Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy that shows increasing incidence due to our cumulative exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Its major subtypes, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) differ in pathobiology, phenotype and clinical behavior, which must be reflected at the molecular level. In this study, protein expression profiles of BCC and SCC were tested in tissue microarrays and correlated with that of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, seborrheic keratosis and normal epidermis by detecting 22 proteins involved in cell interactions, growth, cell cycle regulation or apoptosis. The significantly more reduced collagen XVII, CD44v6, pan-Desmoglein levels and more evident E-Cadherin delocalization in BCC compared to SCC correlated with the de novo dermal invasion of BCC against the progressive invasion from in situ lesions in SCC development. EGFR was also expressed at a significantly higher level in SCC than in BCC. The upregulated cell communication protein connexin43 in BCC could contribute to the protection of BCC from metastatic invasion. Elevated cell replication in BCC was underlined by the increased topoisomerase IIa and reduced p21waf1 and p27kip1 positive cells fractions compared to SCC. Compared to differentiated keratinocytes, caspase-8 and -9 were equally upregulated in skin carcinoma subtypes for either mediating apoptosis induction or immune escape of tumor cells. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped SCC and actinic keratosis cases exclusively together in support of their common origin and malignant phenotype. BCC cases were also clustered fully together. Differentially expressed proteins reflect the distinct pathobiology of skin carcinoma subtypes and can serve as surrogate markers in doubtful cases.
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    Human carotid body neuroglobin, vascular endothelial growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in heroin addiction
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Zara, S.; Porzionato, A.; De Colli, M.; Macchi, V.; Cataldi, A.; De Caro, R.; Di Giulio, C.
    Aims: The carotid body (CB) represents the prime site for detecting and responding to hypoxia. Since the role of heroin in respiratory depression with consequent hypoxia is known, the authors were able to investigate morphological and molecular modifications occurring in the CB of heroin addicted subjects compared to subjects who died because of trauma. Methods and results: CB sampled from six 27 year old subjects, slides were treated with Mallory Trichrome staining or used for immunohistochemical analysis to detect Neuroglobin (NGB), Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1α), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (i-NOS), Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins. Mallory Trichrome staining shows an increase in the connective tissue in heroin subjects compared to controls and a parallel reduction in parenchymal area. Immunohistochemical analyses in heroin subjects found a decrease in NGB and an increase in HIF-1α and VEGF compared to controls; i-NOS expression was not statistically significant. Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were positive only in the heroin subjects. Conclusions: These results could confirm the typical hypoxic condition occurring in heroin addicts. Since NGB may function as a reactive oxygen or nitrogen species scavenger and as apoptotic cell death protector, the decrease in its expression may suggest a key role of this globin in human CB impairment due to heroin addiction.