Histology and histopathology Vol.21, nº11 (2006)
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- PublicationOpen AccessDecidualized and pre-decidualized normal endometrial stromal cells produce more O-linked N-acetylglucosamine containing epitope H than non-decidualized normal endometrial stromal cells(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Polyzos, P.T.; Arvanitis, L.; Charchanti, A.; Galani, V.; Havaki, S.; Kallioras, V.; Nakou, María; Faros, E.G.; Marinos, E.; Sgantzos, M.; Kittas, C.The epitope H contains an O-linked Nacetylglucosamine residue in a specific conformation and/or environment recognized by the monoclonal antibody H (mAbH). mAbH stains two bands with Mr x10-3 of 209 and 62 in lysates of cultured rat astrocytes. In addition, in extracts of cultured MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line cells it stains cytokeratin 8 and five polypeptides originating from Triton X-100-soluble (Mr x10-3 of 232, 67 and 37) and from the Triton X-100- insoluble (Mr x10-3 of 51 and 50) fractions, respectively. In our previous studies we used the mAbH to investigate by immunostaining the expression of the epitope H in normal human brains, human brains with a variety of lesions, astrocytic tumors, infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas, fibroadenomas, and mitochondria-rich normal, metaplastic and neoplastic cells. In order to gain further insight into the expression patterns of the epitope H in human tissues we used the mAbH to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of the epitope H in normal human endometrium, including 30 cases of proliferative endometrium, 30 cases of early secretory endometrium, 30 cases of mid secretory endometrium, 30 cases of late secretory endometrium and 30 cases of decidual tissues. The main results were the following: 1) The decidual stromal cells presented in all cases high cytoplasmic expression of the epitope H; 2) The predecidual stromal cells presented in all cases of late secretory endometrium significant cytoplasmic expression of the epitope H ranging from moderate to high expression; 3) The non pre-decidual stromal cells of the functional endometrial layer presented in all cases insignificant cytoplasmic expression of the epitope H ranging from null to low expression; 4) The stromal cells of the basal layer of the endometrium and decidua did not express the epitope H in any case; 5) The endometrial stromal granulocytes did not express the epitope H in any case and 6) The blood vessel wall cells (endothelial and smooth muscle) of the endometrium through the whole duration of the menstrual cycle and of the decidua presented high cytoplasmic expression of the epitope H. It is concluded that decidualized and predecidualized human normal endometrial stromal cells show increased expression of the O-linked Nacetylglucosamine containing epitope H compared to non-decidualized endometrial stromal cells. These findings suggest that the expression of the epitope H may be under positive progesteronic control in normal human endometrium. Further investigation of the antigens bearing the epitope H might help to gain further insight into the histophysiology and the pathology of human endometrium.
- PublicationOpen AccessSomatostatinoma: collision with neurofibroma and ultrastructural features(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Varikatt, W.; Yong, J.L.C.; Killingsworth, M.C.The clinical presentation, histopathology and immunoelectron microscopic features of two cases of duodenal somatostatinoma are described, one of which is a hitherto unreported example of a collision tumour with a neurofibroma. Ultrastructural morphometric immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed the presence of four types of cells in both tumours, but there was no difference in the proportions of these cells between the collision tumour and the non-collision tumour. Neurosecretory granules ranging in size from 255-815 nm were generally larger than those previously reported for somatostatinomas and somatostatin was identified in granules of all sizes across this range. Neither tumour was associated with the somatostatinoma syndrome comprising associated diabetes mellitis, steatorrhoea and cholelithiasis.
- PublicationOpen AccessPulmonary response to methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl treatment in rats: injury and repair evaluation(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Halatek, T.; Opalska, B.; Rydzynski, K.; Bernard, A.Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), an organometallic compound, used as an antiknock additive in fuels, may produce alveolar inflammation and bronchiolar cell injury. The aim of the experimental study on female rats was to determine by morphological examination and sensitive biomarkers, the course of the injury and repair process following a single i.p. injection of 5 mg/kg MMT. The animals were sacrificed 12, 24, 48 hours or 7 days post-exposure (PE). The first biochemical changes 12 h PE showed an increase in GSH-S-transferase (GST) activity in the lung parallel to the earliest observed morphological changes -vacuolation and swollen cytoplasm in type I pneumocytes. Alterations in type I pneumocytes were most prevalent in rat lung 24 h PE. Clara cells with dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cytoplasmic vacuolation could be observed. Compared to the values found for controls, Clara cell protein (CC16) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 24 and 48 h PE decreased by 58% and 55%, respectively. At the same time (at 24 and 48 h), the total protein concentration in BALF increased 5 and 7 times, respectively. A significant rise in hyaluronic acid (HA) level was observed 24 and 48 h PE. Divided type II pneumocyte cells and Clara cells in their mitotic phase were observed in immunocytochemistry (detecting BrdU binding into DNA) 48 h PE. Seven days after MMT administration, fibroblasts, macrophages, collagen and elastin fibres could be seen in the alveolar walls as well as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and alveoli macrophages in the alveolar lumen. We conclude that injury and repair of bronchial epithelium cells, especially of Clara cells and type II pneumocyte cells, play an important part in MMT toxicity, probably depending on the antioxidant status of these cells. The sensitive biomarkers of CC16 and hyaluronic acid in BALF and serum reflect lung injury and indicate the time course of pulmonary damage and repair processes.
- PublicationOpen AccessTelomeres and telomerase. A survey about methods and recent advances in cancer diagnostic and therapy(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Weise, J.M.; Günes, Ç.Since the discovery that telomerase is repressed in most normal human somatic cells but strongly expressed in most human tumours, telomerase emerged as an attractive target for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes to combat human cancer. In this review, a synopsis of methods detecting telomerase is presented evaluating their potential for diagnostic and prognostic use. Also, the most promising telomerase therapeutics are discussed in the light of recent advances in the field.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe application of stem cells in the treatment of ischemic diseases(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Chen, C.P.; Lee, Y.J.; Chiu, S.T.; Shyu, W.C.; Lee, M.Y.; Huang, S.P.; Li, H.Ischemia causes oxygen deprivation, cell injury and related organ dysfunction. Although ischemic injury may be local, it involves many biochemical changes in different cell types. The ability of stem cells to differentiate into different cell lineages provides the possibility of their use in treating a variety of diseases requiring tissue repair or reconstitution, such as stroke, ischemic retinopathy, myocardial infarction, ischemic disorders of the liver, ischemic renal failure, and ischemic limb dysfunction. Several cell types including embryonic stem cells, various progenitor and stem cells of hematopoietic or mesenchymal origin have been used in attempts to reconstitute injured tissue. Xenologous or autologous stem cells may be administered either through the peripheral vascular system or directly by regional injection. The stem cells are then guided to the infarct site by homing signals. Either by cell differentiation or paracrine effects, stem cells or progenitor cells participate in the reconstruction of a favorable microenvironment resulting in neovascularization and tissue regeneration that eventually improve the physiological function of organs with ischemic damage.