Histology and histopathology Vol.26, nº6 (2011)
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- PublicationOpen AccessEfficacy of Nigella sativa in alleviating benzo[a]pyrene-induced immunotoxicity in broilers(F. Hernández y J.F. Madrid. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2011) Latif, I.K.; Karim, A.J.; Zuki, A.B.Z.; Zamri-Saad, M.; Niu, J.P.; Noordin, M.M.The immune response of broiler chickens exposed to intra-tracheal (i.t.) administration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) with and without Nigella sativa (Ns) supplementation was investigated. A total of 120 day-old chicks were divided into four groups comprising 30 birds each, into a control, Ns, BaP, and BaP+Ns group. Immune responses to Newcastle disease (ND) were evaluated by haemagglutination inhibition (HI), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) skin test and carbon clearance assay (CCA). In most instances, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the ND-HI antibody titers, PHA skin-swelling response and phagocytic activity in the BaP + Ns group compared to that of the BaP group. Likewise, organ weight and indices of the spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus of birds from the BaP + Ns group were also higher (p<0.05) than that of the BaP group from day 1 until day 21. It is concluded that exposure to BaP may exert adverse effects on the immune system of broilers which may increase their susceptibility to disease, and Ns supplementation significantly reduces these alterations
- PublicationOpen AccessInduction of epithelial migration of lymphocytes by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in a rat model of oral mucosal graft-versus-host disease(Editores F. Hernandez y Juan F. Madrid. Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histologiam, 2011) Ohno, Jun; Iwahashi, Teruaki; Ehara, Michiko; Ozasa, Ryuki; Hanada, Hironori; Funakoshi, Tomoyuki; Taniguchi, KunihisaTo elucidate the involvement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the migration of lymphocytes to the oral mucosal epithelium in a rat model of acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD), we investigated (1) ICAM-1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression by keratinocytes (KCs) and their role in the epithelial infiltration of CD8+ cells, (2) the tissue expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA and expression of IFN-γ receptor by KCs, and (3) the ability of KCs to direct CD8+ cells into the epithelial layers. We classified the oral mucosal lesions into three consecutive temporal phases on the basis of increased epithelial ICAM-1expression: basal- (phase I), parabasal- (phase II), and pan-epithelial except for the cornified cell layer (phase III). Basal ICAM-1 expression by KCs preceded that of MHC class II molecules, infiltration of CD8+ cells and epithelial histological changes. Tissue expression of IFN-γ mRNA and expression of IFN-γ receptor on KCs evidenced by immunohistochemistry were detected in early lesions (phase I), indicating that locally produced IFN-γ induced ICAM-1 expression by KCs. CD8+ cells were bound to KCs in frozen sections of epithelial lesions, whereas no lymphocyte attachment was observed in normal KC. Adherence could be inhibited by pretreating CD8+ cells with lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) antibody and/or by pretreating sections with ICAM-1 antibody. Our data suggest that in the early phase of acute oral mucosal GVHD, the induction of ICAM-1 expression on KCs leads to the migration of CD8+ cells into the epithelium and that this is mediated in part by the ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway.
- PublicationOpen AccessRole of cannabinoid receptors and RAGE in inflammatory bowel disease(F. Hernández y J.F. Madrid. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2011) Stintzing, Sebastian; Wissniowski, Till Th.; Lohwasser, Christina; Alinger, Beate; Neureiter, Daniel; Ocker, MatthiasBackground: The endocanabinoid system is involved in many inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The distribution and expression of cannabinoid receptors 1 (CNR1) and 2 (CNR2) in combination with inflammatory cytokines and RAGE (receptor of advanced glycation end products), which is also overactive in these diseases, in dependency of the extent of inflammation and alteration of the colon barrier is still unclear and needs to be elucidated. Material and Methods: 10 specimens of CD patients who underwent colectomy and 14 colectomy specimens of patients suffering from UC were investigated histologically for inflammatory infiltrate, extent of fibrosis and for disturbance of the intestinal barrier. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to examine the distribution and localization of CNR1, CNR2 and RAGE. Additionally, qRT-PCR was performed to study the expression of CNR1, CNR2, RAGE and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, TGFß, CTGF, IL12, IFNγ). 35 morphological and histological normal specimens of colectomy cases served as controls. Results: The expression level of CNR2 did not differ between the control group and the group of patients with IBD, while CNR1 displayed a significant up regulation, especially in cases of CD. A differential association between the expression of CNR1/CNR2 and RAGE with morphological changes and expression of molecular markers of inflammation could be established. Conclusion: We showed that cannabinoid receptors are expressed differentially in inflammatory bowel disease and that the expression seems to be influenced by the underlying disease and by localized inflammation.
- PublicationOpen AccessCalcium, calcium-sensing receptor and growth control in the colonic mucosa(F. Hernández y J.F. Madrid. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2011) Varani, JamesA role for calcium in epithelial growth control is well-established in the colon and other tissues. In the colon, Ca2+ “drives” the differentiation process. This results in sequestration of ß-catenin in the cell surface / cytoskeletal complex, leaving ß-catenin unavailable to serve as a growth-promoting transcription enhancer in the nucleus. The signaling events that lead from Ca2+ stimulation to differentiation are not fully understood. A critical role for the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is assumed, based on CaSR localization to the differentiating epithelial cells in the normal colonic mucosa (upper half of the crypt and crypt surface), decreased CaSR expression in colon carcinoma, and the results from in vitro studies with colonic epithelial cell lines. While Ca2+ is well-accepted as a growth-regulating agent in the colon, suppression of cell proliferation is not complete. At least part of the reason for this is the inherent variability in Ca2+ responsiveness among individual epithelial cells. Of interest, colon epithelial cells that are resistant to the growth-regulating activity of Ca2+ alone are still responsive to Ca2+ in conjunction with other transition metals. Whether a multi-mineral approach will, ultimately, prove to be more effective than Ca2+ alone as a colon cancer chemopreventive agent remains to be seen, but certainly worth investigating.
- PublicationOpen AccessCell-type specific regulation of galectin-3 expression by glucocorticoids in lung Clara cells and macrophages(2011) Maldonado, Cristina A.; Sundblad, Victoria; Salatino, Mariana; Elia, Jorge; García, Luciana N.; Leimgruber, Caraolina; Croci, Diego O.; Rabinovich, Gabriel A.Bronchiolar Clara cells are integral components of lung homeostasis, predominantly distributed in distal airways. In addition to the 16 kDa Clara cell protein, a major secretory product with anti-inflammatory effects, rat Clara cells express the glycan-binding protein galectin-3 and secrete it into the airways. Given the essential role of galectin-3 in the control of inflammation and the well-established function of glucocorticoids (GCs) in lung physiology, here we investigated whether galectin-3 is a target of the regulatory effects of GCs. Adult male rats were subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy and the lungs were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy and Western blot analysis. Profound changes in bronchiolar Clara cells and macrophage morphology could be observed by electron microscopy after adrenalectomy. While specific galectin-3 staining was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Clara cells and macrophages from control animals, cytoplasmic galectin-3 expression was dramatically reduced after adrenalectomy in both cell types. This effect was cell-specific as it did not affect expression of this lectin in ciliated cells. After dexamethasone treatment, galectin-3 expression increased significantly in the nucleus and cytoplasm of macrophages and Clara cells. Western blot analysis showed a clear decrease in galectin-3 expression in ADX animals, which was recovered after a 7-day treatment with dexamethasone. In peritoneal macrophages, galectin-3 expression was also dependent on the effects of GCs both in vivo and in vitro. Our results identify a cell type-specific control of galectin-3 synthesis by GCs in lung bronchiolar Clara cells and interstitial macrophages, which may provide an alternative mechanism by which GCs contribute to modulate the inflammatory response.
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