Browsing by Subject "Vision"

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    Application of YOLOv8 and a model based on vision transformers and UNet for LVNC diagnosis: advantages and limitations
    (Springer, 2025-04-25) De Haro, Salvador; González Férez, Pilar; García, José M.; Bernabé García, Gregorio; Ingeniería y Tecnología de Computadores
    Hypertrabeculation or left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a cardiac condition that has recently been recognized. While several methods exist for accurately measuring the trabeculae in the ventricle, there is still no consensus within the medical community regarding the optimal approach. In previous work, we introduced DL-LVTQ, a tool based on a UNet convolutional neural network designed to quantify the trabeculae in the left ventricle. In this paper, we present an expanded dataset that includes new patients affected by a cardiomyopathy known as Titin, necessitating the retraining of the models involved in our study on this updated dataset to accurately infer future patients with this condition. We also introduce ViTUNet, a hybrid architecture that aims to merge the benefits of UNet and Vision Transformers for precise segmentation of the left ventricle. Furthermore, we train a YOLOv8 model to detect the left ventricle and integrate it with the hybrid model to focus segmentation on a region of interest around the ventricle. Regarding the precision quality achieved by ViTUNet using YOLOv8, results are quite similar to those obtained by the DL-LVTQ tool, suggesting that the dataset is a limiting factor in our improvement. To substantiate this, we conduct a detailed analysis of the MRI slices in the current dataset. By identifying and removing problematic slices, results significantly improve. The introduction of a YOLOv8 model alongside a deep learning model presents a promising approach.
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    Visual deficits after traumatic brain injury
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Rasiah, Pratheepa Kumari; Geier, Ben; Jha, Kumar Abhiram; Gangaraju, Rajashekhar
    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently described as any head injury ceasing the brain's normal function. Anatomically, developmentally, and physiologically, the eye is deemed as an extension of the brain. Vision in TBI is underrepresented, and the number of active clinical trials in this field are sparse. Frequently, visual problems are overlooked at the time of TBI, often resulting in progressive vision loss, lengthening, and impairing rehabilitation. TBI can be either penetrative or non-penetrative, associated with degeneration of neurons, apoptotic cell death, inflammation, microglial activation, hemorrhage associated with vascular dysfunction; however, precise animal modeling that mimics the extensive visual deficits of TBI pathology remain elusive. Recent works in both the diagnostics and therapeutics fields are starting to make substantial progress in the right direction. Discussion of current advancements in TBI animal models and the recent pathophysiological findings related to the neuro-glia-vascular unit (NVU) will help elucidate novel targets for potential lines of therapeutics. Only over the past decade have newer pharmaceutical and stem cell-based treatments begun to come to light. The potency for these new lines of TBI specific curatives will be discussed along with the review of current blast-induced TBI models, providing potential directions for future research.