DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Sparus aurata"

Browsing by Subject "Sparus aurata"

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Open Access
A morphological study in the kidney and spleen of gilthead, Sparus aurata, L. caused by sodium dodecyl sulphate
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1997) Rosety, M.A.; Ribelles, A.; Carrasco, C.
This paper reports the morphological changes in the kidney and spleen of gilthead (Sparus aurata, L), caused by acute action of the anionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Twenty- five giltheads were exposed to SDS concentrations of 5, 8.5, 10 and 15 mgll. Morphological changes depending on detergent concentrations and length of exposure were seen. Kidney shows loss of normal structure with tubular and renal corpuscle retraction; spleen shows tendency to darnage the reticulae structure and a progressive increase of leucocytes and red cells infiltration.
Open Access
Acidophilic granulocytes of the marine fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) produce interleukin-1b following infection with Vibrio anguillarum
(Springer, 2004) Chaves-Pozo, Elena; Pelegrin, Pablo; García-Castillo, Jesús; García-Ayala, Alfonsa; Mulero, Victoriano; Meseguer, José; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
The fish immune response to Gram-negative bacteria is poorly understood. In this study, we use a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to acidophilic granulocytes from the marine fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), together with an antiserum specific to interleukin-1b (IL-1b) from this species, in order to investigate whether these cells are involved in the immune response against the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum and, in particular, in the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1b. We found that gilthead seabream head- kidney, peritoneal exudate and peripheral blood leukocytes accumulated proIL-1b intracellularly when challenged in vitro with V. anguillarum, whereas only peritoneal exudate and blood leukocytes were able to accumulate proIL-1b following infection. Importantly, the blood leukocytes from infected animals that accumulated proIL-1b were shown to be the acidophilic granulocytes. A rapid mobilization of such cells from the head-kidney to the site of inflammation following infection with V. anguillarum was also observed.
Open Access
Brain CYP1A in seabream Sparus aurata exposed to Benzo(a)pyrene
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Ortiz-Delgado, J.B.; Segner, H.; Sarasquete, C.
This study compares basal and induced expression of cytochrome P4501A-CYP1A in the brain of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Larval or adult seabream were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene -B(a)P- and the CYP1A response was assessed by analyzing CYP1A mRNA (RT-PCR), CYP1A protein (expression levels: ELISA, western blotting; cellular localization: immunohistochemistry), and CYP1A catalytic activity (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase-EROD). In the brain of adult S. aurata, CYP1A immunostaining was generally detected in the vasculature. It was present in the neuronal fibers and glial cells of the olfactory bulbs and the ventral telencephalon. ELISA and RT-PCR analyses confirmed CYP1A expression in the brains of non-exposed seabream. B(a)P exposure led to increased CYP1A staining mainly in neuronal fibers and glial cells of the olfactory bulbs, but also in the vascular endothelia. EROD activity, however, could not be detected in the brain of adult seabream, neither in control nor in exposed fish. In the developing brain of S. aurata larvae, immunohistochemical staining detected CYP1A protein exclusively in endothelia of the olfactory placode and in retina. Staining intensity of CYP1A slightly increases with larval development, especially in vascular brain endothelia. Exposing the larvae to 0.3 or 0.5 μg B(a)P/L from hatching until 15 days post hatching (dph) did not result in enhanced CYP1A immunostaining in the brain. In samples of whole seabream larvae, both from controls and BaP treatments, neither CYP1A mRNA, protein nor catalytic activity were detectable. The results demonstrate that CYP1A is expressed already and inducible in the larval brain, but that the regional and cellular expression differs partly between larval and adult brain. This may have implications for the toxicity of CYP1A-inducing xenobiotics on early and mature life stages of seabream.
Open Access
Comparative study of the acute toxicity of anionic surfactans alky benzene sulphonate (ABS) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on gilthead, Sparus aurata L., eggs
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2001) Rosety, M.A.; Ordóñez Muñoz, F.J.; Rosety-Rodriguez, M.; Rosety, J.M.; Rosety, I.; Carrasco, C.; Ribelles, A.
In the present work we have evaluated the acute toxicity of two anionic surfactants, alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to eggs of gilthead Sparus aurata. At each surfactant concentration, we determined the exposure time required for 50% mortality of the eggs (LT50), surface tension and volume of oil globule in gilthead eggs. Clear dose-response relationships for mortality of gilthead eggs was observed for both toxicants; at 30 mg/L 50% mortality took place at 45 minutes for ABS and 8 minutes for SDS. At this concentration, SDS was almost six times more toxic than ABS (LT50 is compared). However, at 0.3 mg/L 50% mortality occurred after exposures of 535 minutes to ABS and 425 minutes to SDS. Descriptively, our results showed SDS was more toxic than ABS at high concentrations whereas at low concentrations their toxicity was very similar. However, statistical analysis demonstrated there were no significant differences in the toxicity of both surfactants to gilthead eggs. Surface tension value at each concentration of both surfactants was also calculated. We found that these values decreased with increasing concentration of each surfactant, and this trend was more pronounced in solutions of SDS. We also found that the volume of the oil globule of exposed eggs was influenced by surfactants. After exposure, its volume clearly decreased in comparison to controls, mainly in eggs exposed to SDS.
Open Access
Efecto de la testosterona en la espermatogénesis de machos de dorada (Sparus aurata L.)
(2020-04-13) Sánchez-Hernández, Miriam; Chaves-Pozo, Elena; Cabas, Isabel; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; García-Ayala, Alfonsa; García-Alcázar, Alicia; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Biología Celular e Histología
RESUMEN Los andrógenos pueden inducir la espermatogénesis en peces teleósteos inmaduros. Sin embargo, su función no se conoce con exactitud en los ejemplares adultos. Para conocer el efecto in vivo de la testosterona (T) sobre la espermatogénesis de dorada (Sparus aurata L. 1758), especie hermafrodita protándrica de interés económico alto en la región de Murcia, inyectamos un implante (in situ forming microparticle system) a ejemplares que se encontraban en la etapa de involución testicular del segundo ciclo reproductor. Se trabajó con tres grupos de ejemplares: i) inyectados con implantes con 1 mg T/Kg de peso corporal, ii) inyectados con implantes sin T y iii) no inyectados. Se tomaron muestras de sangre, gónada e hígado a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días después de haberlos inyectado para realizar un análisis hormonal, morfológico, inmunocitoquímico y de expresión génica. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo era determinar el efecto de la T, y de sus derivados, sobre la fisiología de la gónada analizando la progresión de la espermatogénesis, la tasa de proliferación celular y de apoptosis, la presencia de leucocitos y el perfil de expresión de genes relevantes en la respuesta inmunitaria. Los implantes con T provocaron un aumento en los niveles de T, alcanzando niveles supra-fisiológicos. El perfil de expresión génica, en gónada e hígado de algunas enzimas implicadas en la síntesis y el metabolismo de esteroides, descartó la transformación de T en compuestos estrogénicos. Por otra parte la T parece inhibir la respuesta inmunitaria en la gónada ya que observamos una disminución de los niveles de expresión de los genes que codifican para los TLR, lo que podría provocar una disminución de su capacidad para reconocer y responder a los patógenos. Sin embargo se observó un aumento de granulocitos acidófilos y linfocitos lo que nos sugiere que los andrógenos participan en el flujo migratorio de leucocitos al interior de la gónada.
Open Access
Effect on muscle cellularity ofdDiet supplementation with nannochloropsis gaditana microalgae in the final fattening phase of gilthead seabream culture up to commercial size
(MDPI, 2023-10-24) Ayala Florenciano, María Dolores; Chaves-Pozo, Elena; Sáez, María Isabel; Galafat, Alba; Alarcón, Francisco Javier; Martínez, Tomás Francisco; Arizcun, Marta; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Previous studies have shown that Nannochloropsis gaditana can partially replace fishmeal in the diet of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. However, its effect on muscle growth is hardly known. This experiment was carried out with gilthead seabream adults that were fed with N. gaditana at two inclusion levels (2.5 or 5%) either raw (R2.5 and R5 groups) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 groups) for 45 days in the final fattening phase. The body length and body weight were measured in all fish at the beginning and end of the experiment. Also, the white muscle transverse area (WM), size, number and fibrillar density of the white fibers were measured in 9 fish group􀀀1. After 45 days, the body parameters and the WM did not show significant differences among the groups. However, muscle cellularity did show significant differences, such that the hypertrophy values were higher in the H2.5 and H5 than in the R2.5 and R5 groups. On the contrary, R2.5 and R5 showed the highest fibrillar density and hyperplasia values, which are often positively correlated with the fillet firmness and therefore could improve the final quality of the fish. No significant differences attributable to the inclusion levels of N. gaditana were observed.
Open Access
Erythrocyte phagocytosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).
(2024-11-04) Campos Sánchez, Jose Carlos; Guardiola, Francisco A.; Meseguer, José; Esteban Abad, María Ángeles; Biología celular e Histología
Open Access
Histopathological alterations, EROD activity, CYP1A protein and biliary metabolites in gilthead seabream Sparus aurata exposed to Benzo(a)pyrene
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Ortiz-Delgado, J.B.; Segner, H.; Arellano, J.M.; Sarasquete, C.
This study compared for seabream, Sparus aurata exposed to benzo(a)pyrene-B(a)P-, the response of molecular cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and cellular histopathology biomarkers. Male gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata specimens were exposed for 20 days via water to a series of high B(a)P concentrations. CYP1A was assessed by measuring enzymatic activity (EROD) and CYP1A protein content, and cellular responses were evaluated by routine histopathological methods. In addition, biliary metabolites were measured in order to verify that B(a)P was absorbed and metabolised. Histological lesions, both in liver and gills, increased in parallel to B(a)P concentrations, with the majority of changes representing rather non-specific alterations. Hepatic EROD and CYP1A proteins data showed a concentration-dependent induction, while in the gills, EROD activity but not CYP1A proteins showed a nonmonotonous dose response, with a maximum induction level at 200 μ g B(a)P.L-1 and decreasing levels thereafter. The findings provide evidence that short-term, high dose exposure of fish can result in significant uptake and metabolism of the lipophilic B(a)P, and in pronounced pathological damage of absorptive epithelia and internal organs.
Open Access
Influence ofl low dietary inclusion of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana (Lubián 1982) on performance, fish morphology, and muscle growth in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
(MDPI, 2020-12-01) Ayala Florenciano, María Dolores; Galián, Carolina; Fernández, Victoria; Chaves-Pozo, Elena; García de la Serrana, Daniel; Sáez, María Isabel; Galafaz Díaz, Alba; Alarcón, Francisco Javier; Martínez, Tomás Francisco; Arizcun, Marta; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
A 90-d feeding trial was conducted in which five groups of gilthead seabream (11.96 g initial body weight) were fed with a microalgae-free diet (control group, C) or four diets containing the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana at two inclusion levels (2.5% or 5%), either raw (R2.5 and R5 batches) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 batches), to study their effect on the body and muscle growth. At 40 days, the highest values of body length and weight were reached in R5 group, but at 64 and 90 days, these were reached in R2.5. However, feed conversion rate, specific growth, daily intake, and survival (100%) were similar in all the groups. The acquisition of a discoid body shape was accelerated depending on the inclusion level of N. gaditana in the diets. Moreover, H5 diet affected the fish geometric morphology compared to R5 diet. The white muscle transverse area was similar in all groups at 40 days, with the exception of H2.5 group, which showed the lowest area. At day 90, C and R2.5 displayed the highest muscle growth, attributable to increased hyperplasia in C, and higher hypertrophy in R2.5. However, the highest proportion of small and medium fibers was observed in R5 and H5.
Open Access
Light and feeding entrainment of the molecular circadian clock in a marine teleost (Sparus aurata)
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2013-05-20) Vera Andujar, Luisa María; Negrini, P.; Zagatti, C.; Frigato, E.; Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J.; Bertolucci, C.; Fisiología
Daily light and feeding cycles act as powerful synchronisers of circadian rhythmicity. Ultimately, these external cues entrain the expression of clock genes, which generate daily rhythmic behavioural and physiological responses in vertebrates. In the present study, we investigated clock genes in a marine teleost (gilthead seabream). Partial cDNAs sequences of key elements from both positive (Bmal1, Clock) and negative (Per2, Cry1) regulatory loops were cloned before studying how feeding time affects the daily rhythms of locomotor activity and clock gene expression in the central (brain) and peripheral (liver) oscillators. To this end, all fish were kept under a light-dark (LD) cycle and were divided into three experimental groups, depending on the time of their daily meal: mid-light (ML), middarkness (MD) or at random times (RD). Finally, the existence of circadian control on gene expression was investigated in the absence of external cues (DD + RD). The behavioural results showed that seabream fed at ML or RD displayed a diurnal activity pattern (>91% of activity during the day), whereas fish fed at MD were nocturnal (89% of activity during the night). Moreover, seabream subjected to regular feeding cycles (ML and MD groups) showed food anticipatory activity (FAA). Regardless of the mealtime the daily rhythm of clock gene expression in the brain peaked close to the light-dark transition in the case of Bmal1 and Clock, and at the beginning of the light phase in the case of Per2 and Cry1, showing the existence of phase delay between the positive and negative elements of the molecular clock. In the liver, however, the acrophases of the daily rhythms differed depending on the feeding regime: the maximum expression of Bmal1 and Clock in the ML and RD groups was in antiphase to the expression pattern observed in the fish fed at MD.Under constant conditions (DD + RD), Per2 and Cry1 showed circadian rhythmicity in the brain, whereas Bmal1, Clock and Per2 did in the liver. Our results indicate that the seabream clock gene expression is endogenously controlled and in liver it is strongly entrained by food signals, rather than by the LD cycle, and that scheduled feeding can shift the phase of the daily rhythm of clock gene expression in a peripheral organ (liver) without changing the phase of these rhythms in a central oscillator (brain), suggesting uncoupling of the light-entrainable oscillator (LEO) from the food-entrainable oscillator (FEO). These findings provide the basis and new tools for improving our knowledge of the circadian system and entraining pathways of this fish species, which is of great interest for the Mediterranean aquaculture.
Open Access
Long-term effects of a short juvenile feeding period with diets enriched with the microalgae nannochloropsis gaditana on the subsequent body and muscle growth of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L.
(MDPI, 2023-01-30) Ayala Florenciano, María Dolores; Balsalobre, Noemí; Chaves-Pozo, Elena; Sáez, María Isabel; Galafat, Alba; Alarcón, Francisco Javier; Martínez, Tomás Francisco; Arizcun, Marta; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Currently, microalgae are used in fish diets, but their long-term growth effect is unknown. In this experiment, juvenile seabream specimens were fed with microalgae-enriched diets for three months, and then transferred to a microalgae-free diet for 10 months to assess long-term effects up to commercial size (≈ 27 cm and ≈ 300 g). The juvenile diets contained Nannochloropsis gaditana at 2.5 or 5% inclusion levels, either raw (R2.5 and R5 groups) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 groups). The body length and weight were measured in 75 fish group-1 at commercial stage. The size, number, and fibrillar density of white muscle fibers and the white muscle transverse area were measured in nine fish group-1 at commercial stage. The results showed the highest body weight in H5 at commercial stage. The white muscle transverse area and the white fibres hyperplasia and density also showed the highest values in H5, followed by H2.5. In contrast, the highest hypertrophy was observed in C and R2.5, being associated with the lowest muscle growth in both groups. These results showed a microalgae concentration-dependent effect in hydrolyzed diets as well as an advantageous effect of the hydrolyzed versus raw diets on the long-term growth of Sparus aurata.
Embargo
Molecular fingerprint of gilthead seabream physiology in response to pollutant mixtures in the wild
(Elsevier, ) Beauvieux, Anaïs; Fromentin, Jean-Marc; Romero, Diego; Couffin, Nathan; Brown, Adrien; Metral, Luisa; Bourjea, Jérôme; Bertile, Fabrice; Schull, Quentin; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
The increase in trace element concentrations in the aquatic environment due to anthropogenic activities, urges the need for their monitoring and potential toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation, and biomagniﬁcation at different trophic levels. Gilthead seabream is a species of commercial importance in the Mediterranean Sea, both for the aquaculture and ﬁsheries sectors, however very little is known about their trace element contamination accumulation and the resulting effect on their health status. In the present study, 135 juveniles were collected from seven coastal lagoons known to be essential nursery areas for this species. We measured seventeen different inorganic contaminants at the individual level in ﬁsh muscle (namely Al, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Ti, Tl and Zn). Our results revealed the accumulation of multiple trace elements in individuals and distinct contamination signatures between lagoons which might lead to contrasted quality as nurseries for juveniles of numerous ecologically and economically relevant ﬁsh species in addition to seabreams. We further evaluated the potential adverse effect of these complex contamination mixtures on the liver (the main organ implicated in the metabolism of xenobiotics) and red muscle (a highly metabolic organ) using a proteomic approach. Alterations in cellular organization pathways and protein transport were detected in both tissues (albeit they were not similarly regulated). Chromosome organization and telomere maintenance in the liver appeared to be affected by contaminant mixture which could increase mortality, age-related disease risk and shorter lifetime expectancy for these juveniles. Red muscle proteome also demonstrated an upregulation of pathways involved in metabolism in response to contamination which raises the issue of potential energy allocation trade-offs between the organisms’ main functions such as reproduction and growth. This study provides new insights into the cellular and mo-lecular responses of seabreams to environmental pollution and proposed biomarkers of health effects of trace elements that could serve as a starting point for larger-scale biomonitoring programs.
Open Access
MS-222 toxicity in juvenile seabream correlates with diurnal activity, as measured by a novel video-tracking method
(2010) Vera, L.M; Ros Sánchez, G.; García Mateos, G.; Sánchez Vázquez, F.J.; Fisiología
Fish are frequently exposed to anaesthetics since their use is necessary in several aquaculture procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of day night differences in toxicity and effectiveness of a common fish anaesthetic (MS-222) in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), determining the induction time of anaesthesia and subsequent recovery by a novel video-recording system. Our results showed that MS-222 toxicity was significantly higher at ML (mid-light) (LC50=85.5 mg/L) than at MD (mid-darkness) (LC50=107.6 mg/L) (trimmed Spearman-Karber method). In addition, when fish were exposed to a sublethal but effective MS-222 concentration (65 mg/L), 7 min passed before 50% a reduction in swimming activity was observed at ML compared to the 9 min required at MD. As regards recovery, fish showed activity levels similar to basal levels 10 min after MS-222 removal at ML, but only 6 min at MD. These results indicated that both toxicity and effectiveness were higher during the day than at night, coinciding with the diurnal activity pattern displayed by seabream, which should be taken into account when designing and applying daily protocols for anaesthesia in aquaculture
Open Access
The tumor necrosis factor a of the bony fish seabream exhibits the in vivo proinflammatory and proliferative activities of its mammalian counterparts, yet it functions in a species-specific manner
(Springer, 2004) García-Castillo, Jesús; Chaves-Pozo, Elena; Olivares, Pedro; Pelegrin, Pablo; Meseguer, José; Mulero, Victoriano; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
Information on the bioactivities of non-mammalian cytokines is scant due to the lack of the recombinant molecules and specific antibodies. We produced the mature predicted peptide of tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) from the bony fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) (sbTNFa), and its biological role was determined in vitro and in vivo. We first demonstrated by analytical size-exclusion chromatography that sbTNFa is an oligomeric protein but the dimer appears to predominate over the trimeric form, in contrast to mammalian TNFa. Intraperitoneal injection of native sbTNFa resulted in (i) priming of the respiratory burst of the peritoneal exudate and head-kidney (HK) leukocytes, the latter being the bone marrow equivalent in fish; (ii) rapid recruitment of phagocytic granulocytes to the injection site, and (iii) induction of granulopoiesis in the HK. Interestingly, sbTNFa was able to induce a strong proliferation of HK cells in vitro, whereas human TNFa did not. Conversely, sbTNFa was not cytotoxic for murine L929 fibroblasts.

Browsing by Subject "Sparus aurata"

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