Browsing by Subject "Myelination"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
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    Altered myelination in the Niemann-Pick type C1 mutant mouse
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2018) Qiao, Liang; Yang, Enhui; Luo, Jiankai; Lin, Juntang; Yan, Xin
    Niemann–Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutation of Npc1 or Npc2 gene, resulting in various progressive pathological features. Myelin defection is a major pathological problem in Npc1 mutant mice; however, impairment of myelin proteins in the developing brain is still incompletely understood. In this study, we showed that the expression of myelin genes and proteins is strongly inhibited from postnatal day 35 onwards including reduced myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in the brain. Furthermore, myelination characterized by MBP immunohistochemistry was strongly perturbed in the forebrain, moderately in the midbrain and cerebellum, and slightly in the hindbrain. Our results demonstrate that mutation of the Npc1 gene is sufficient to cause severe and progressive defects in myelination in the mouse brain.
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    Role of stress-related glucocorticoid changes in astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interactions that regulate myelin production and maintenance
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2023) Miguel Hidalgo, José Javier
    Repeated activation of stress responses and elevated corticosteroids result in alterations of neuronal physiology and metabolism, and lead to disturbances of normal connectivity between neurons in various brain regions. In addition, stress responses are also associated with anomalies in the function of glial cells, particularly astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which in turn may further contribute to the mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. The actions of corticosteroids on astrocytes are very likely mediated by the presence of intracellular and cell membrane-bound CORT receptors. Although apparently less abundant than in astrocytes, activation of CORT receptors in oligodendrocytes also leads to structural changes that are reflected in myelin maintenance and plasticity. The close interactions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes through extracellular matrix molecules, soluble factors and astrocyte-oligodendrocyte gap junctions very likely mediate part of the disturbances in myelin structure, leading to plastic myelin adaptations or pathological myelin disruptions that may significantly influence brain connectivity. Likewise, the intimate association of the tips of some astrocytes processes with a majority of nodes of Ranvier in the white matter suggest that stress and overexposure to corticosteroids may lead to remodeling of node of Ranvier and their specific extracellular milieu