Browsing by Subject "Mycotoxins"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Advanced materials for magnetic solid-phase extraction of mycotoxins: a review
    (Elsevier, 2024-06-20) Castell Martínez, Ana; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; López García, Ignacio Francisco; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Química Analítica
    Mycotoxins can occur at various stages of the food production process. Due to the toxicity of many of these compounds for human health, the development of analytical methodologies that allow their detection and remediation in food is of great interest. However, food analysis is challenging due to the complexity of the matrices, so sample treatment is a crucial step. Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has become one of the most popular green approaches for the isolation of mycotoxins from complex matrices. Furthermore, advanced magnetic materials as molecularly imprinted polymers, metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have emerged as promising candidates for MSPE, as they offer a simple and efficient application for mycotoxin extraction due to the possibility to modify and functionalize their surface according to specific requirements. This review provides an overview of the synthesis and recent applications of these sorbents for the MSPE isolation of mycotoxins from complex matrices.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Bioaccumulation of mycotoxins in human forensic liver and animal liver samples using a green sample treatment
    (Elsevier, 2023-11-23) Castell Martínez, Ana; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Torres Sánchez, Carmen; Fenoll, José; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Química Analítica
    The investigation of the mycotoxin bioaccumulation in human and animals is of wide relevance due to the potential toxicity associated with these secondary metabolites. This study proposes an analytical methodology consisting of salting-out liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the determination of 13 mycotoxins: aflatoxins (G1, G2, B1 and B2), enniatins (A, A1, B and B1), beauvericin, HT-2 and T-2 toxins, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, in human and animal liver. A targeted analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), as well as the screening of derived metabolites by ultrahigh performance LC and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The proposed method was in-home validated, and trueness was verified by apparent recovery studies with values between 94 and 110 %. Furthermore, suitable linearities were obtained by the proposed method for all the mycotoxins and detection and quantification limits allow the mycotoxin monitoring at the low levels expected in biological samples. Repeatability and intermediate precision were calculated at two concentration levels, obtaining values of relative standard deviation below 9.5 %. The proposed methodology allowed to study the bioaccumulation of mycotoxins in both human and animal liver, demonstrating the presence of emergent mycotoxins in all liver samples analyzed, specifically enniatins B, B1 and beauvericin were detected with concentrations up to 4.04 μg/kg.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Embargo
    Effects of pumpkin and fermented whey on fecal microbiota profile against AFB1 and OTA exposure in Wistar rats
    (Taylor and Francis Group, Taylor and Francis, 2025-04-08) Gómez-Ramírez, Pilar; Lázaro, Álvaro; Vila-Donat, Pilar; Cimbalo, Alessandra; Manyes, Lara; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Mycotoxins perturb the gut microbiota performance. Bioactive compounds have been recently used as a new food strategy to diminish mycotoxins bioaccessibility and prevent their toxic effects on human and animal health. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed orally to twelve different diets containing aflatoxin B1 (aFB1) and/or ochratoxin a (Ota) with or without fermented whey (FW) and pumpkin (P) for 28 days. Fecal microbiota using 16s rRNa gene sequencing and subsequent metagenomics analysis were analyzed to study the effect of 28-day exposure through diet of contaminated and enriched feed. QiiMe 2 microbiome analysis package (version 2024.5) was used to analyze the demultiplexed data. Mycotoxins-functional ingredients combination contributed more to microbial phylogenetic faith α-diversity rather than the functional ingredients alone, while the same combination reported a microbial α-diversity enhancement in comparison to the mycotoxins alone. Proteobacteria phylum was reduced in rat samples fed with contaminated diets (aFB1, Ota, and aFB1+Ota), while there was an increase— although not in all groups—when adding the functional ingredients. the main difference between the sexes was found in FW+aFB1+Ota group, with males (25%) showing higher % of proteobacteria than females (1.86%). Phylogenetic diversity faith only focuses on microbial genetic (dis)similarity, not considering the biological function. Morganella morganii, a roteobacteria found in some groups presents anticancer activity, but it is also related to inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. to sum up, both mycotoxins and functional ingredients trigger changes in the microbiota profile of Wistar rats in a sex-specific manner.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Embargo
    Proteome changes induced by a short, non-cytotoxic exposure to the mycoestrogen zearalenone in the pig intestine
    (Elsevier, 2020-07-30) Soler, Laura; Stella, Alexandre; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Pallarés, Francisco José; Lahjouji, Tarek; Burlet Schiltz, Odile; Oswald, Isabelle P.; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways. Among them is estrogen signaling, important for the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells, immune signaling and metabolism. The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogen disruptor naturally found in food and feed. The exposure of the intestine to ZEN has toxic effects including alteration of the immune status and is possibly implicated in carcinogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms linked with these effects are not clear. Our objective was to explore the proteome changes induced by a short, non-cytotoxic exposure to ZEN in the intestine using pig jejunal explants. Our results indicated that ZEN promotes little proteome changes, but significantly related with an induction of ERα signaling and a consequent disruption of highly interrelated signaling cascades, such as NF-κB, ERK1/2, CDX2 and HIF1α. The toxicity of ZEN leads also to an altered immune status characterized by the activation of the chemokine CXCR4/SDF-1 axis and an accumulation of MHC-I proteins. Our results connect the estrogen disrupting activity of ZEN with its intestinal toxic effect, associating the exposure to ZEN with cell-signaling disorders similar to those involved in the onset and progression of diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Reliable and sensitive analytical platform to assess dietary exposure of pigs to mycotoxins and explore potential urinary biomarkers
    (Elsevier, 2024-12-24) Castell Martínez, Ana; Arroyo Manzanares, Natalia; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Sanz Fernández, Santos; Rodríguez Estévez, Vicente; Roquet, Josep; González, Antonio; Fenoll, José; Viñas López-Pelegrin, Pilar; Química Analítica
    A reliable and sensitive analytical platform is proposed for the assessment of pig exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of commercial feed. A total of 48 naturally contaminated feed and 55 urine samples collected from eight Spanish farms were analyzed using a fast and simple methodology based on solid-liquid extraction (SLE) or liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used for the targeted analysis of 27 mycotoxins from different families in both matrices achieving limits of quantification in a range of 0.019–73.5 ng/g in feed and 0.011–31.7 ng/mL in urine. All feed samples showed contamination with at least 7 mycotoxins. Enniatins (A, A1, B and B1) and beauvericin were quantified in 100 % of feed samples. ENNB, tenuazonic acid (TeA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) were the mycotoxins with the highest mean total concentrations (1.0 ± 1.9 μg/g, 155 ± 209 ng/g and 81 ± 94 ng/g, respectively). In urine samples, DON, TeA, ENNB1 and ENNA were the most prevalent mycotoxins; and TeA, fumonisin B1 and alternariol had the highest mean total concentration (133 ± 199 ng/mg, 0.43 ± 1.3 μg/mg and 0.29 ± 1.3 μg/mg creatinine, respectively). Statistical tests revealed the correlation of DON and TeA occurrence in feed and urine. Untargeted analysis byHPLC coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF-MS) yielded some urinary biomarkers of mycotoxin exposure and other relevant compounds such as certain antibiotic residues in urine.