Browsing by Subject "Longevity"

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    Betalain health-promoting effects after ingestion in Caenorhabditis elegans are mediated by DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factors
    (Elsevier, 2020-06-05) Guerrero Rubio, M. Alejandra; Hernández García, Samanta; Escribano, Josefa; Jiménez Atiénzar, Mercedes; Cabanes, Juana; García Carmona, Francisco; Gandía Herrero, Fernando; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
    Betalain-rich extracts have been used for many years by their nutraceutical potential. However, the study of their bioactivities has always been hampered by their difficult obtention. To explain their mode of action, seventeen pure betalains were tested in vivo using the animal model C. elegans. Four betalains, named indicaxanthin, indoline carboxylic acid-betacyanin, phenylalanine-betaxanthin, and dopaxanthin, behaved as extraordinary in vivo antioxidants and anti-aging compounds, by increasing the lifespan of C. elegans up to 16.82%, 16.65%, 16.53%, and 12.93%, respectively. The first microarrays performed with betalains and biological confirmation with different mutant strains showed that this life extension is due to a reduction of oxidative stress and the activation of the transcription factors DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2. They are involved in longevity and oxidative stress resistance pathways and lead to overexpression of HSPs genes, involved in resistance to cancer and Alzheimer's, opening novel research lines in the search for effective plant-based treatments.
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    Pensions, Ageing and Social Security Research: Literature Review and Global Trends
    (2021-12-15) Santos Jaén, José Manuel; Valls Martínez, María del Carmen; Amin, Fahim-ul; Martín Cervantes, Pedro Antonio; Economía Financiera y Contabilidad
    Pension systems are one of the fundamental pillars of the welfare state. The ageing of the population caused by longer life expectancy and low birth rates has led to a crisis in the public pension system in developed countries. Changes for the system’s sustainability are necessary, and the scientific literature on the subject is abundant, especially in recent years. This article aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the research carried out to date, highlighting, in turn, future lines of research. The study was carried out on a total of 1287 articles published from 1936 to 2021 and found in the Scopus database. The SciMAT, VOSviewer, and Datawrapper tools were used to analyse the most important articles, authors, countries, and institutions by volume of production and citations, as well as the relationships between them. Likewise, the most important keywords and their evolution over time were highlighted, obtaining the main focus of the research. In addition to the general analysis, a specific study was carried out in the area of Mathematics. The results show that the leading countries are the United Kingdom, the USA, and the Netherlands. On the other hand, the lead subject area in which these articles have been published is Economics, Econometrics, and Finance. The research trends are sustainability, pension reform related to ageing, and pension insurance.
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    Sex, rurality and socioeconomical status in Spanish centennial population (2017)
    (2021-09) Fuentes, Pedro; Amador, Sandra; Lucas Ochoa, Ana Maria; Cuenca Bermejo, Lorena; Fernández Villalba, Emiliano; Raparelli, Valeria; Norris, Colleen; Kautzky Willer, Alexandra; Kublickiene, Karolina; Pilote, Louise; Herrero Ezquerro, María Trinidad; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
    World's population is exponentially aging as people reaching 100 years old has increased. The number of areas with the highest centennial population rates (Blue Zones), are significantly higher. Are there any determinant factors that favor this situation in Spain? The goal of this study was to determine the possible influence of sex, rurality and socioeconomic factors (Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) on the prevalence of the centennial population of the Spanish society. The Spanish register of inhabitants was published in 2017 by the National Statistics Institute. The analysis was carried out both by Autonomous Communities and by provinces in phases: a first descriptive analysis, followed by an inferential analysis, based on statistical tests (independent T- Student test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA). There were significant interactions between: i) sex and longevity (in favor of the female population); ii) female and rural housing and iii) female, GDP and urban areas. Feminization was proven in the longevity revolution, but, in general, GDP per Capita was not a significant survival factor on its own. This study was the first step of further analysis related to extreme longevity in Spain, which will include other dependent variables such as state of health and well-being as well as social factors