Browsing by Subject "Goat"

Now showing 1 - 15 of 15
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    Application of a Large Field-of-View sensor during coagulation and syneresis in fresh goat cheese manufacture
    (2012) Rovira Garbayo, Silvia; García Alcaraz, Victor; López Morales, María Belén; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
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    Comparison of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of contagious agalactia caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae
    (Sciendo, 2022-03-10) Sánchez López, Antonio; Contreras de Vera, Antonio; Sánchez-Corral, María L.; Martínez-Nista, Carmen; Collado, Soledad; Sáez, José L.; Minguez, Olga; de la Fe Rodríguez, Christian; Sanidad Animal
    Introduction: Contagious agalactia (CA) is a disease affecting small ruminants with worldwide distribution and caused by several mycoplasmas, especially M. agalactiae. The main option for systematic diagnosis under monitoring control programmes is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Material and Methods: This study was designed to appraise the performance of two commercial indirect ELISA tests using M. agalactiae p48 protein and one using total protein, for antibody detection in small ruminants after natural infection with different M. agalactiae strains. We carried out the test evaluation using sera of confirmed M. agalactiae-positive goats with clinical signs. In addition, test agreement was assessed by kappa between the three commercial ELISA tests. Results: All three ELISA tests showed high validity scores (Youden’s J: 72.9–84%). The sensitivity values for the P48 protein-based tests were 76.9% and 84.6%, and was 79% for the total protein-based test. The specificity of all tests was 100%. In addition, between the total protein-based ELISA test and the other two ELISA tests based on the P48 protein, the agreement was substantial (kappa: 0.762–0.763) and the agreement between the latter two tests was almost perfect (kappa: 0.93). Conclusion: The validity parameters for all tests allowed their application for diagnostic purposes in lactating goats excreting M. agalactiae in milk and presenting clinical signs.
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    Development and validation of a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goats
    (Elsevier, 2021-04-21) Huertas López, Ana; Martínez Subiela, Silvia; Cerón, Jose J.; Vázquez Calvo, Ángela; Pazmiño Bonilla, Elvis Danilo; López Ureña, Nadia María; Martínez Carrasco, Carlos; Álvarez García, Gema; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide distributed parasite causing abortions and fetal malformations in small ruminants. The aim of this study was to design and validate a new immunoassay based on the use of TgSAG1-GRA8 chimeric antigen for the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies in serum of goats. First, a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TgSAG1-GRA8-TRFIA) was developed. In addition, the diagnostic performance of TgSAG1-GRA8-TRFIA was compared with an optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TgSALUVET-ELISA) and a Western Blot (WB), both based on whole T. gondii tachyzoite antigenic extract. The TgSAG1-GRA8-TRFIA has shown a high intra- and inter-assay precision, analytical sensitivity and accuracy. The ROC analysis of this assay showed an optimal cut-off of 217.4 Units of Fluorometry for T. gondii (UFT), with 92 % of sensitivity and 90.48 % of specificity. A positive and statistically significant Spearman’s correlation with TgSALUVET-ELISA was detected, and kappa value was 0.83, presenting high agreement with both methods. However, TgSAG1-GRA8 protein showed cross-reactivity with specific anti-Neospora caninum antibodies. Thus, TgSAG-1-GRA8 chimeric antigen seems not to be an ideal option for the serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection in goats unless combined with the serodiagnosis of N. caninum infection in parallel. In the light of the results obtained, a comprehensive study on the existence of cross-reactivities between T. gondii antigens used in serological tests employed in animal health and specific antibodies directed against Toxoplasmatinae parasites should be performed.
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    Effects of frutalin on early follicle morphology, ultrastructure and gene expression in cultured goat ovarian cortical tissue
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2018) Soares, Maria A.A.; Costa, José J.N.; Vasconcelos, Gisvani L.; Ribeiro, Regislane P.; Souza, José C.; Silva, André L.C.; Van den Hurk, Robert; Silva, José R.V.
    Frutalin is a galactose-binding lectin that has an irreversible cytotoxic effect on HeLa cervical cancer cells, by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. It was previously shown that after in vitro incubation, frutalin is internalized into HeLa cells nucleus, which indicates that frutalin apoptosis-inducing activity might be linked with its nuclear localization. Considering that drugs commonly used for cancer treatment have a deleterious effect on germ cells, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of frutalin on the activation, survival, ultrastructure and gene expression in follicles cultured within ovarian tissue. Goat ovarian fragments were cultured for 6 days in α-MEM+ alone or supplemented with frutalin (1, 10, 50, 100 or 200 µg/ml). Non-culturad and cultured tissues were processed for histological and ultrastructural analysis and they were also stored to evaluate the expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that the frutalin, at all concentrations tested, reduced follicular survival when compared with control medium. Higher concentrations of frutalin (50, 100 or 200 µg/ml) also reduced follicular survival when compared with those tissues cultured with 1 or 10 µg/ml of frutalin. The ultrastructural analysis showed that atretic cultured follicles had retracted oocytes and a large number of vacuoles spread throughout the cytoplasm. In addition, signs of damage of mitochondrial membranes and cristae were observed. Moreover, although a dose-response effect on gene expression has not been observed, when compared with tissues culture in control medium, the presence of frutalin increased in mRNA expression proapoptotic genes. In conclusion, frutalin reduces follicular survival at all concentrations tested, its effects being more pronounced when high concentrations of this lectin (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) are used. Gene expression profile and ultrastrutural features of cultured follicles suggest that follicular death in goat ovarian tissue cultured in presence of frutalin occurs via necrosis.
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    Eficacia del dodecil sulfato de sodio para la inactivación de micoplasmas en calostro caprino
    (Universidad de Murcia, 2014) Paterna, A.; Amores Iniesta, Joaquín; Gómez-Martín, A.; Corrales, Julio César; Prats-van der Ham, M.; Tatay-Dualde, J.; Contreras de Vera, Antonio; de la Fe, C.; Sánchez López, Antonio; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Sanidad Animal
    En los rebaños de pequeños rumiantes crónicamente afectados de agalaxia contagiosa, los animales de reposición adquieren la infección a través de la ingestión de leche y calostro procedente de hembras infectadas que no muestran síntomas de la enfermedad. Como alternativa a los tradicionales métodos térmicos como la pasteurización, este estudio examina el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de dodecil sulfato de sodio (DSS) sobre la viabilidad de Mycoplasma agalactiae y Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri en calostro caprino. Pos- teriormente al tratamiento y antes de incubar las muestras de calostro contaminado, el DSS fue extraído o no de las muestras para evaluar el efecto de la prolongación del tratamiento durante el periodo de incubación. El tratamiento durante diez minutos con DSS al 0,1% fue inefectivo contra ambas especies de micoplasmas. Tratando el calostro con DSS al 1% no se observó crecimiento cuando el detergente estuvo presente durante el periodo de incubación, mientras que se mantuvo la viabilidad de los micoplasmas cuando el DSS fue extraído justo antes de este periodo. Nuestros hallazgos indican que la duración del tratamiento del calostro con DSS es crítico para su efecto de inactivación sobre estos micoplasmas.
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    Evaluation of a commercial double-recognition ELISA for caprine tuberculosis diagnosis: sensitivity, specificity, and correlation to macroscopic and microscopic lesions
    (Elsevier, 2022-10-04) Salinas Lorente, Jesús; Del Río, Laura; Buendía Marín, Antonio Julián; Navarro Cámara, José Antonio; Ortega Hernández, Nieves; Sánchez Campillo, Joaquín; Sanidad Animal
    Ante-mortem diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis, as in other ruminant species, is a complex process. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to apply a combination of methods that increases the sensitivity of diagnosis while maintaining adequate specificity. In the present study, we analysed the use of ELISA based on a double-recognition methodology for the diagnosis of goat tuberculosis. Serum samples from animals with tuberculosis, confirmed by histopathological studies and presence of Ziehl-Neelsen-positive bacteria in the lesions, were used to assess sensitivity. Sera from flocks without tuberculosis were used to assess diagnostic specificity. The relationship between ELISA results and the type of tuberculous lesions, both macroscopic and microscopic, was analysed. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test were 69.9% and 97.9%, respectively. Sensitivity was higher in animals with macroscopic lesions, indicating more advanced forms of the disease. Similarly, a higher sensitivity was found in animals with microscopic lesions associated with active tuberculosis, such as cavitary lesions.
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    Implicaciones sanitarias del manejo del calostro en el ganado caprino
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2013) Paterna, A.; Gómez-Martín, A.; Amores Iniesta, Joaquín; Prats-van der Ham, M.; Tatay-Dualde, J.; Corrales Romero, Juan Carlos; De la Fe, C.; Contreras de Vera, Antonio; Sánchez López, Antonio; Sanidad Animal
    El calostro supone la primera fuente de inmunidad para los rumiantes y por tanto determina su resistencia a enfermedades durante las primeras horas de vida. No obstante, la ingesta de calostro puede suponer en sí misma una vía de transmisión de diversas enfermedades, como la paratuberculosis, la artritis-encefalitis caprina o la agalaxia contagiosa. Este riesgo puede evitarse siguiendo un régimen de lactancia artificial con unas adecuadas pautas de manejo del calostro. Entre dichas pautas, el tratamiento del calostro supone un punto crítico. En este sentido, se han empleado los tratamientos térmicos para higienizar el calostro, observándose resultados diversos en la viabilidad de distintos microorganismos. Al mismo tiempo, se debe considerar el efecto negativo del calor sobre la composición nutricional del calostro, principalmente la pérdida de inmunoglobulinas. Como alternativa a los tratamientos térmicos, a nivel experimental, se han empleado métodos como la adición de dodecil sulfato de sodio, capaz de inactivar el virus del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana en leche, y otros procesos como la liofilización o el uso de altas presiones. Previamente a la aplicación práctica de las diferentes opciones de tratamiento del calostro se deberá considerar su viabilidad económica y su factibilidad en la explotación.
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    In Vitro Interaction between Mycoplasma agalactiae and Small Ruminants’ Endogenous Bacterial Strains of Enterococcus spp. and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-02-17) Toquet, Marion; Bataller, Esther; Toledo Perona, Raquel; Gomis, Jjesús; Contreras de Vera, Antonio; Sánchez, Antonio; Jiménez Trigos, Estrella; Gómez Martín, Ángel; Sanidad Animal
    Recently, an antimicrobial effect on Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma), the main etiological agent of contagious agalactia (CA), was reported in vitro with strains of Enterococcus spp. from ovine and caprine milk. The aim of this work was to evaluate the interaction of Ma with the same Enterococcus spp. isolated from other anatomical locations (vagina) and other bacterial populations present in milk, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The vaginal Enterococcus strains and the raw milk CNS were isolated from sheep and goats. Experimental in vitro conditions were prepared to assess the growth of Ma with and without the presence of these strains. The selected vaginal strains were identified as Enterococcus (E.) hirae and E. mundtii, and the strains of CNS were identified as Staphylococcus petrasii. Different interactions of Ma with ovine and caprine wild vaginal strains of Enterococcus and dairy strains of CNS are described for the first time: Ma can grow exponentially during 15 h with the selected strains, although with certain strains, its optimal growth can be negatively affected (p< 0.05). The colonization and/or excretion of Ma could, therefore, be influenced by certain endogenous bacterial strains. Our results increase the knowledge about possible bacterial ecology dynamics surrounding CA.
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    Influence of dietary lipid source supplementation on milk and fresh cheese from Murciano-Granadina goats
    (MDPI, 2023-11-25) Moya, Francisco; Madrid, Josefa; Hernández, Fuensanta; Peñaranda, Irene; Garrido, María Dolores; López Morales, María Belén; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    This study analyzes the influence of the incorporation of flaked linseed and fish oil in the diet on the resulting milk and cheese. Three dietary treatments were assayed in 350 milking Murciano-Granadina multiparous goats in full-lactation: a control diet and two experimental diets, one including flaked linseed (FL) at 3.88% of dry matter, and the other containing salmon oil (SO) at 2.64% of dry matter for three periods of 21 d. None of the dietary treatments affected the daily milk yield, cheese yield, or the physicochemical parameters of the milk and cheese. Regarding the fatty acid profile (FA), the milk and cheese from animals whose diets were supplemented with SO had a higher percentage of fatty acids than those obtained with the FL-supplemented diet, except for C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 n-6, trans-9, trans-12 C18:2, cis-9, trans-11 C18:2, C18:3, and C19:0, which reached their highest levels in milk obtained with the diet supplemented with FL. The decrease in the percentage of C16:0 was greater in the milk derived from the FL diet than from the SO diet. The FL-supplemented diet improved the nutritional value of milk due to a reduction in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The decrease in n-6/n-3 in the observed milk was more pronounced with the FL diet. No differences in the sensory profile were found for the milk and cheese derived from the different dietary treatments. Dietary n-3 treatments modified the fatty acid profile without making any sensory difference to milk and fresh cheese, accompanied by marginal modifications to the physicochemical profile. We conclude that dietary supplementation with flaked linseed or fish oil produces milk and cheese from Murciano-Granadina goats with a higher nutritional quality without modifying the sensory profile of the corresponding products obtained from animals that were fed a routine diet.
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    Parasite prevalence in Mycobacterium spp. infected dairy goats in the region of Murcia (south-east Spain)
    (2017-12) Carrau Garreta, Tessa; Garijo Toledo, María Magdalena; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Pérez, D.; Silva, L.M.R.; Taubert, A.; Hermosilla, C.; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Sanidad Animal
    Eighty-four Murciano-Granadina dairy goats slaughtered in the region of Murcia (South-East Spain) were necropsied to evaluate parasitic infections. The majority of the animals (94.0%) were parasitised and multiple infections were present. Twenty-one parasite species were found, including 18 nematode species (Muellerius capillaris, Dictyocaulus filaria, Neostrongylus linearis, Cystocaulus ocreatus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, T. occidentalis, T. trifurcata, Marshallagia marshalli, Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Trichostrongylus capricola, Nematodirus abnormalis, N. filicollis, N. spathiger, T. vitrinus, T. colubriformis, Trichuris spp., Chabertia ovina and Skrjabinema ovis); one trematode species (Dicrocoelium dendriticum); one arthropod species (Oestrus ovis); and one protozoa genus (Eimeria spp.). Additionally, 17.85% of the animals were Mycobacterium spp. positive. Therefore, comparison between parasite prevalence, intensity and abundance in tuberculosis-positive and -negative animals was performed. Statistically significant differences between the prevalence of lungworms and gastrointestinal nematodes in Mycobacterium spp. infected and free goats were found. The paper discusses this co-infection between Mycobacteriaceae and endoparasites.
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    Paratuberculosis caprina: una revisión con especial énfasis en su interferencia con el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis
    (Universidad de Murcia, 2014) Rivera, J.; Marín, M.C.; Riquelme, M.F.; Cubero Pablo, María José; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Sanidad Animal
    La paratuberculosis, causada por Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, afecta a los rumiantes domésti- cos y silvestres, está ampliamente extendida y se contagia vía fecal-oral, tiene un curso crónico y causa graves pérdidas económicas. La respuesta inmune del hospedador va cambiando durante la infección, y con ella el estadio de la enfermedad, las lesiones y la respuesta a las pruebas diagnósticas. Causa lesiones principalmente en el íleon terminal (linfangiectasia, atrofia de las vellosidades, enteritis granulomatosa) que permiten la identi- ficación post-mortem de la enfermedad y su diferenciación de la tuberculosis. El cuadro clínico consiste en un adelgazamiento progresivo con algunos casos de diarrea, y aparece entre los 2 y 4 años de edad de forma espo- rádica. El diagnóstico de la paratuberculosis se realiza por detección de la respuesta inmune celular por intra- dermotuberculinización (con PPD aviar o johnina) y gamma-interferón (IFN-γ). No hay tratamiento efectivo, y el control se realiza con manejo y con vacunación. La interferencia de la paratuberculosis con el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis caprina consiste en una disminución de la sensibilidad de las pruebas cutáneas, que afecta más a la intradermo-tuberculinización comparada. Por esto, es aconsejable combinar como técnicas de diagnóstico de tuberculosis caprina, en rebaños infectados de paratuberculosis, la intradermotuberculinización simple y la técnica del IFN-γ, usando como prueba complementaria la técnica del ELISA basado en el antígeno MPB-70. Respecto a la interferencia de la vacunación contra la paratuberculosis en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis ca- prina, debido a que las vacunas usadas actualmente (atenuadas e inactivadas) producen una respuesta inmune similar a la infección natural, se produce una interferencia de larga duración (20 meses) en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis. Esta interferencia se puede evitar usando vacunas con antígenos concretos del complejo M. tuberculosis, lo que facilitaría la erradicación de la tuberculosis.
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    Post-Thaw quality of spermatozoa frozen with three different extenders in the Murciano Granadina goat breed.
    (MDPI, 2023-01-16) Galián, S.; Peinado, B.; Almela, L.; Poto, A.; Ruiz, S.; Fisiología
    In caprine species, the semen quality of thawed samples still needs to be improved in order for this type of semen to provide an acceptable pregnancy rate when it is used for artificial insemination. It is therefore essential to have an adequate freezing protocol and extender for this species. By adapting freezing protocols that have proven successful in other species, such as pigs, together with the development of an extender that protects the sperm cells from damage caused by the freezing and thawing processes, and taking into account its composition in nutrients and cell-membrane-stabilizing substances, it has been possible, at least in vitro, to achieve high sperm quality in buck semen. In vivo studies of the fertilizing capacity of the semen cryopreserved in this way will be the next step to verify the effectiveness of the extender and semen-freezing protocol described in this work.
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    Quantitative estimation of the impact of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection on milk production by dairy goats
    (Elsevier, 2013-02-04) Martínez-Navalón, Bernardo; Peris, Cristòfol; Gómez, Ernesto A.; Peris, Bernat; Roche, María Luz; Caballero, Concepción; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Goyena Salgado, Elena; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    This retrospective study investigated milk production losses associated with serological evidence (serostatus) of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection over one lactation in 4543 Murciano-Granadina goats from 22 herds in Spain. The seroprevalence of infection was 18%, ranging from 0% to 2% in 11 herds, 7% to 60% in 10 herds and was 100% in one herd. Seropositive does had significantly shorter lactations, produced less milk and milk fat, lactose and dry extract and had higher somatic cell counts than their seronegative counterparts, although differences in milk production between seropositive and sero negative animals were noted between herds. Mixed regression models confirmed the association between CAEV seropositivity and reduced milk production. The adjusted, least squares mean (LSM) test-day milk yield was 10% less in seropositive com pared to seronegative does and this difference varied according to lactation number. In contrast, differ ences in the LSM of milk fat, lactose and dry extract percentages between seropositive and seronegative goats were only between 0.1% and 0.2% and did not increase with lactation number. The findings of this study provide strong evidence that CAEV-infection can be a major cause of reduction in milk yield in goats and its control should be considered as part of dairy goat herd health schemes.
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    Sensitivity of two methods to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae in goat milk
    (BioMed Central, 2015) Tatay-Dualde, Juan; Prats- Van der Ham, Miranda; Gómez-Martín, Angel; Paterna, Ana; Corrales, Juan Carlos; Sánchez, Antonio; Fe, Christian de la; Amores, Joaquín; Amores, Joaquín; Sanidad Animal
    Background: Laboratory diagnostic techniques able to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae are essential in contagious agalactia in dairy goats. This study was designed: 1) to determine the detection limits of PCR and culture in goat milk samples, 2) to examine the effects of experimental conditions including the DNA extraction method, PCR technique and storage conditions (fresh versus frozen stored milk samples) on these methods and 3), to establish agreement between PCR and culture techniques using milk samples from goats with mastitis in commercial dairy herds. The study was conducted both on artificially inoculated and field samples. Results: Our findings indicate that culture is able to detect M. agalactiae in goat milk at lower concentrations than PCR. Qualitative detection of M.agalactiae by culture and PCR was not affected by sample freezing, though the DNA extraction method used significantly affected the results of the different PCR protocols. When clinical samples were used, both techniques showed good agreement. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that both culture and PCR are able to detect M. agalactiae in clinical goat mastitis samples. However, in bulk tank milk samples with presumably lower M. agalactiae concentrations, culture is recommended within the first 24 h of sample collection due to its lower limit of detection. To improve the diagnostic sensitivity of PCR in milk samples, there is a need to increase the efficiency of extracting DNA from milk samples using protocols including a previous step of enzymatic digestion.
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    Valoración del flujo arterial del cordón umbilical en fetos caprinos de raza murciano-granadina mediante ecografía doppler espectral
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2022) Martínez Díaz, Sandra; García Vázquez, Francisco Alberto; Luongo, Chiara; Ruiz López, Salvador
    La raza Murciano-Granadina (M-G) es considerada la raza caprina más representativa de España y su sistema productivo presenta una elevada trascendencia. La ecografía ha demostrado ser un procedimiento de gran utilidad en reproducción animal para la detección y seguimiento de la gestación y la ecografía Doppler ha posibilitado obtener mediciones objetivas no invasivas del aporte vascular y la funcionalidad de diversos órganos y estructuras. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido la evaluación de las características hemodinámicas de la arteria umbili-cal en fetos caprinos de raza M-G empleando parámetros e índices Doppler para valorar la aplicabilidad de la ecografía Doppler en la evaluación de la vascularización fetal.El estudio se llevó a cabo en 4 cabras gestantes M-G, pertenecientes al IMIDA, ubicadas en la Granja Do-cente Veterinaria. Los exámenes y mediciones de los parámetros Doppler en la arteria umbilical se llevaron a cabo una vez por semana entre los días 75 y 120 de gestación, suponiendo un total de 5 a 7 sesiones ecográficas en cada hembra. Se analizaron los siguientes parámetrosDoppler: velocidad sistólica máxima (PSV), velocidad diastólica final (EDV), velocidad media (VM), índice de resistividad (IR), índice de pulsatilidad (IP) y relación sístole/diástole (S/D) además, del pulso de la arteria umbilical (PA). PSV y VM se mantuvieron con valores similares, sin diferen-cias significativas, mientras que EDV aumentó con diferencias significativas en el periodo gestacional analizado. Los valores de IR, IP y S/D descendieron de forma continua y significativa. Los valores de PA variaron de forma significativa durante la gestación, alcanzado su máximo en el día 90 y llegando a su valor mínimo el día 120. Los índices Doppler ofrecen gran precisión y pueden utilizarse con éxito para estudiar la perfusión sanguínea y los parámetros velocimétricos del cordón umbilical en fetos durante el periodo de gestación en cabras M-G